William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1603 Words

Scene 1: 1. He started the play by creating a blood feud between the family servants of Montague and Capulet both of the families servants. This gains the attention of the groundling because they probably able to relate between the feuds of the two noble houses. 3. â€Å"Have at thee, coward†: From this we can see from Tybalt’s attitude that he is a very proud man for his noble house but he also is a little dimwitted and does not think things through if he were to kill a member of that family it would of caused an even deeper wound in the blood feud. 4. From the Prince’s voice we can tell that he is not someone to mess with. He’s constantly reminding the public that his family is the most powerful and not theirs and apparent loves†¦show more content†¦Not only he wants to make Juliet feel like she’s not an object waiting to be pawned off like other fathers would do in that era. He wants to make sure that he s making the right decision one that he and Juliet can live by and not one they both will regret. 4. Benvolio wants to show Romeo that Rosaline is not the only girl in the world for him, he wants Romeo to see that there are plenty of more potential brides for him to spend the rest of his life with. 6. Romeo decides to go with Benvolio not to look for other girls but to look at Rosaline and no one else since his heart is set on Rosaline and her alone, or so he thinks. Scene 3: 1. The Nurse is more like Juliet’s mother than her own mother, she cares very deeply of Juliet and all of her problems unlike her mother who rarely talks to her. 2. The Nurse’s personality is very upbeat and fun, she is the type of person you would like to hangout with unlike Juliet’s mother is not exactly the best person to be with. The Nurse is a wonderful person she’s the only one in the Juliet’s family to understand her and her feelings. 6. Her mother however isn’t, all she cares about is the family reputation and how she’ll look in the eyes of society. This is the only reason she is making Juliet marry Paris, she herself was forced into an arranged and loveless marriage and she hated it. Though for some reason she believes Juliet will be alright with it as she was. There is aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

American Foreign Policy Realpolitiks Vs. Human Rights Essay

American Foreign Policy :Realpolitik vs. Human Rights (1)Should the U.S sometimes pursue realpolitik and sometimes human rights? In other words, is it acceptable for the U.S. to someimes anything even support dictators, if it is good for the nation, sometimes pursue moral priciples when it can reasonably do so?.(2) I think the U.S. should do what is in the best interest of the United States for example, (3)Just one day after the French surrender at Dien Bien Phu, an international conference to settle the Indochina conflict began in Geneva, Switzerland. There , representatives of the French and Vietminh attempted to to map out Indochina’s future. Cambodia, Great Britain, Laos, the People’s Replublic of China, The Soviet, and the United†¦show more content†¦It was to consist of India, Canada, and Poland. The agreement was between Cambodia, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, France, Laos, and the Peoples Republic of China, the State of Vietnam, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. The United States refused to p articipate in the conference or recognize the accords. (6)In my opinion The Geneva Conference was to obtain Indochina’s independence from the French. (7)The United States used the realpolitik policy because if it used the human rights policy it would never cut aid to Chile. (8) In the presidential election of 1970, Salvador Allende gained the presidency of Chile. Allende was a Marxist and a member of Chiles Socialist Party, who headed the Popular Unity (UP) coalition of the Socialist, Communist, Radical, and Social-Democratic Parties, along with dissident Christian Democrats, the Popular Unitary Action Movement (MAPU), and the Independent Popular Action. His program included land reform and the nationalization of U.S. interests in Chiles major copper mines. Allende had two main competitors in the election — Radomiro Tomic, representing the incumbent Christian Democratic Party, who ran a left-wing campaign with much the same theme as Allendes, and the right-wing former president Jorge Alessandri. Allende received a plurality of the votes cast, getting 36% of the vote against Alessandris 34% and Tomics 27%. This was not the firstShow MoreRelatedSci Damath Andoroid Game9675 Words   |  39 Pagestakes a measured tone I acknowledging some of the obstacles and challenges to using games within our current education system and within our current models of learning. It goes on to propose some ways in which designers, researchers and educational policy makers might draw on the growing body of research in the field to create learning resources and environments that go beyond a sugar-coating of ‘fun’ to the full engagement that computer games seem to offer so many children today. The study above relates

Juvenile Delinquency Contributing Factors, Curren Essay Example For Students

Juvenile Delinquency: Contributing Factors, Curren Essay t Research And Inter Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that significantly impacts all members and processes of a social structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviors that are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviors deviate from societal norms and more specifically they violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity but conduct that is only unlawful for youths such as running away from home and skipping school. Current research into this difficult and pressing issue reflects a vast range of theories about, and predictors of delinquency as well as a multitude of strategies to control and reduce overall delinquency. The consensus among practitioners and researchers however maintains that juvenile delinquency is a dynamic, multifaceted problem with numerous potentially causal factors. Subsequently, investigators and professionals suggest that treatment procedures must focus on not only the immediate issue of the offenders deviant behavior but on every element within the context of that behavior as well, including for example, family relations and social support services/networks. Conventional practice has long associated early preventive measures with positive delinquency reduction results. In particular, timely recognition of at-risk youth and correction of ineffective or minimally effective parenting techniques are critical to the prevention of future delinquency (Lundman, 1993). Numerous risk factors have been identified as indicators or predictors of juvenile delinquency and those factors represent dysfunction at several levels, specifically within the structure of the offenders family. Some of these factors include conflict within the family, a lack of adequate supervision and/or rules, a distinct lack of parent-child attachment, instability, poor home life quality, parental expectations, out-of-home placements and inconsistent discipline (Shumaker, 1997). Social service professionals who frequently come into contact with children must be especially vigilant in order to detect the presence of any of the possibly contributory conditions mentioned above and to refer families to appropriate sources of assistance as early as possible. Generally speaking, the relationship between family conflict and delinquency is significant. There are many types of family conflict but the absence of communication and the inability to solve problems are two of the most fundamental forms relative to future delinquency. The nature of these conflicts is cyclical in that communication and problem-solving breakdowns increase the incidences of delinquency which in turn increase the stress and conflict levels within the family leading to more instances of deviant behavior (Smith Stern, 1997). Educators, clinicians and other professionals who provide services for children should carefully evaluate reports from children regarding such things as parental fighting, abuse and/or neglect so that they may obviously address those immediate concerns but also assess the possible need for preventive intervention. Structure is very important in the life of a developing child. Most of that necessary structure is provided by the parents/family. Rules or guidelines are inherently part of that structure and careful parental supervision is essential to the derivation and implementation of those rules. For example, children should always have to tell their parents where they are and whom theyre with. A parent should be diligent in his/her supervision to the extent that (s)he actually knows the whereabouts of his /her children at all times ( Shumaker, 1997). Service professionals should understand the relationship between lack of supervision/rules in the home and possible future criminal behavior among youths and should be solicitous in their observations. Parent-child attachment is also a key factor in the delinquency of a minor. Attachment refers to the process that bonds a child to a parent and is usually completed in infancy. It is generally held that children who are insecurely attached to their parents are more likely to commit crimes. However, there are some therapeutic techniques which can be employed to increase the strength of a relationship throughout childhood (Shumaker, 1997). Researchers suggest that social service workers should pay close attention to a child feeling unloved or unimportant as these feelings can be indicative of poor attachments and may lead to juvenile criminality. Delinquency can further be related to degrees of instability in an offenders life. Instability is generally characterized by stress, carrying out threats or promises (Patterson, 1986), frequent changes of residence/friends, dramatic changes in .

Mustafa Kemal free essay sample

Kemal was born in Salonika (now Greece, but then part of Turkish Macedonia), the son of a lower middle class Turkish customs official. Ali Riza (Efendi) died when Kemal was a child; his mother was Zubeyde (Hanim). Kemal became known as an extremely capable military officer by being the only undefeated Ottoman commander during World War I. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire; he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. His successful military campaigns led to the liberation of the country and to the establishment of Turkey. During his presidency, Kemal embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms. An admirer of the Age of Enlightenment, he sought to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, democratic, and secular nation-state. The principles of Ataturks reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established Leaders from the beginning of time have put policies or laws into place that they felt were beneficial. We will write a custom essay sample on Mustafa Kemal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some leaders leave a legacy of dramatic change and others do not. Kemal was a leader known for change, and his reforms such as the changes to education, more rights for women and the modernization of the economy were ground breaking and made him a hero too many. The National Assembly, which first convened on 23 April 1920, that was the first clue to the Turkish Republic. The successful management of the War of Independence by this assembly accelerated the founding of the new Turkish State. On the 1 of November 1922, the offices of the Sultan and caliph were severed from one other and the former was abolished. The second major change to education was reforming the language. The language of the Turks for many years was Arabic. According to Vesser the language was difficult and caused many people not to be able to read and write. â€Å" Determined to reduce illiteracy, Kemal asked Turkish Linguists to devise a new alphabet using European letters. In the summer of 1928, the president himself unveiled the surious new alphabet in an open-air seminar in downtown Istanbul. The new letters, he said would rescue our tongue from characters which starved our thoughts. [2] The new language was taught to everyone and in schools and more people were reading and writing than ever before. This was ground breaking because; Kemal was able to change the language of his people of more then 1,000 years. Women gained a lot more rights and independence while Kemal was in power. His motto was â€Å" Let’s be courageous in the matter of women. Let’s forget fear. †[3] This way of thinking chan ged women’s lives in the Turkish culture. Ottoman practice discouraged social interaction between men and women in keeping with Islamic practice. Mustafa Kemal began developing social reforms very early. He and his staff discussed issues like abolishing the veiling of woman and the integration of women into the outside world. Kemal needed a new civil code to establish his major step of giving freedom to women. The first part was the education of girls and was established with the unification of education. On 4 October 1926, the new Turkish civil code passed. It was modeled after the Swiss civil code. Under the new code, women gained equality with men in such matters as inheritance and divorce. Kemal did not consider gender a factor in social organization. According to his view, society marched towards its goal with men and women united. He believed that it was scientifically impossible for him to achieve progress and to become civilized if the gender separation continued as in Ottoman times Girls were allowed to go to school and encouraged to go into the work force, some women got into politics. Women’s place changed culturally, not just in the work place or school. Many of the republics early reforms affected women and Western newspapers celebrated the new women of Turkey who competed in beauty contests, smoked in public and danced to American jazz. [4] Some cultures around the world by this time were allowing women to start to expand their rights and Kemal wanted his country to modernize like the West. Kemal had a lot of support for his reform on women’s rights. Vesser does point out that if the women are happy, working and apart of politics then it is more support for Kemal and his policies for government. The economy was an area that was reformed in different ways. Kemal reformed the railroad system to get the economy going. This allowed for the country to export their goods and benefit from the import of other goods. As Vessel explains, Stalin had introduced a 5-year plan and Kemal modeled a plan after Stalin’s. â€Å" Turkey’s first five year plan drew on existing strengths in agriculture to create processing plants for sugar, tobacco and cotton†¦the government funded the building of iron and steel works and chemical plants. †[5] Although this idea was based on Stalin’s idea it was expanded upon and it was ground breaking when it was brought into Turkey because it brought the economy in a direction it had never been in before. Focusing and expanding on what Turkey already had to offer allowed for greater involvement in trade throughout the world. With the overhaul of the education system, rights for women and the economy in good standings, the country was headed towards the modernity that Kemal was after. The documentary that was seen in class depicted Kemal as a hero and this has been true for many years. He was a hero to many people. He brought groundbreaking ideas into education, changed the lives of women and jump-started the economy to benefit his people and their country. He built a new government after the fall of the ottomans and his policies changed how the Turkish people did things. Although sometimes criticized for his methods, Kemal is recognized internationally as a great political leader and thinker who transformed an important part of the 20th-century world. He is revered in Turkey as the nations Founding Father and an inspiration to contemporary Turkish leaders. Although his nation is still developing to achieve fully the goals of his 1930s reforms, it has advanced impressively. As he states in the idea of the republic â€Å" In these circumstances, one resolution alone was possible, namely, to create a New Turkish state. †[6] This is what fueled Kemal’s policies.

Global Business Strategy

Global Business Strategy Introduction The purpose of this business report is to analyze and evaluate Google, Inc’s marketing strategies through using several technical business models. The analysis and evaluation should explain how the business has achieved its phenomenal growth and outline whether the current strategies used are appropriate to help the organization continue with its future strategy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Global Business Strategy Google Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It’s essential to understand the current intentional position of the company before appropriate strategies can be recommended and implemented. Thus, a professional investigation should reveal the following; the internal environment (strengths and weakness) and the external forces such as political and economical. Through understanding this breakdown, the current strategic position and management can be explained and understood tho roughly. Company Overview Google is an internet-based Multinational Corporation that earns profit through advisement and development of internet-based products. It was founded by two students from Stanford University namely Sergey Brin and Larry Page in 1996 (New York Times 2007). As time passed by, the need to develop a relevant search engine on the internet became more apparent. The two PhD students registered the new search engine as Google, Inc in 1997. In 1998, it was incorporated as a private company until 2004 when it was held as a public company (Anon 2010). It is also simple and almost everyone who is internet literate can use Google to search anything over the internet. The term ‘Google’ was derived from ‘googol’ which refers to the use of a search engine to obtain information on the internet. Google, Inc derives most of its revenue through the use of advertisements. Since 2004, its stock price rose to $500 in 2007 with its revenues from advertisi ng rising tremendously every year. Its initial market was valued at 1.7 billion dollars but has increased substantially to over 150 billion dollars. Its success has been triggered by the many acquisitions it has had, which gives room for more innovations (New York Times 2007). Since its inception, Google has acquired over 30 individual companies, for instance, in 2003, it acquired Applied Semantics, Inc which made advertising easy and further developments were made on the advertising campaigns (Slawski 2007). In 2006, it acquired Writely. Later the same year, Google acquired YouTube for 1.65 billion dollars. Double-click was acquired in 2007 at 3.1 billion dollars.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was a large advertising company which was also a threat to Google in terms of competition. However, since it was acquired, there has not been much development as wou ld have been expected because of anti-trust issues that arose. In the same year, Tonic systems were acquired (Slawski 2007). Services and Products that Google Offers The company mostly offers free software, with some few exceptions. This software form the basis for end-users services which attract a large number of audiences, consequently attracting a large number of advertisers. As noted earlier, 99% of Google’s revenues come from advertising services, such as the use of AdSense, and AdWords. Google Adwords display advertisements which are relevant to the context of each specific web page. To place advertisements on AdWords, the advertising companies make some payments to Google. On the other hand, in AdSense, it is Google which pays publishers to entrench Adsense into their sites. It is worth noting that both AdWords and AdSense contain similar advertisements, the only difference is that when users click on advertisements in Adsense, the publishing company is paid whereas i n AdWords it is the users who pay Google for their adverts to be included on Google’s pages (Anon 2010). Other types of products offered by Google are two pieces of hardware referred to as the Google mini and the Google search Appliance. Google mini is preferred by small companies while medium and large companies prefer the other hardware. However, both hardware are borrowed by companies for easy searches within the company intranet, while others use them commercially on their websites. Most of Google’s products and services are offered for free which include but not limited to Gmail, YouTube, Docs spreadsheets, Google finance, and Google maps. Google is an innovative company and it is always developing new products and programs as it deems necessary. Market Analysis Google occupies almost 50% of the market share of all the search companies on the internet. Some of these companies are a threat to Google in terms of competition. For instance, Yahoo is one of the bigges t competitors and it occupies about 28% of the market share while Microsoft lags behind it with 10%. Other competitors are Ask.com and AOL, which occupies 5%market share combined (Slawski 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Global Business Strategy Google Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the products offered by Yahoo are almost similar to Google’s products, although Google offers a wider variety of products and services than yahoo. Most of Microsoft’s products are on software and operating systems although it also offers search and limited online services. Google has been able to withstand competition in the ever growing global market because of its internal development and acquisitions of major companies. It is likely that Google will expand most of the products and services it is offering today in order to compete favourably in different markets in all types of products and services including software and web-based services. PESTEL analysis Political factors Government regulation of the internet services Taxation policies Regulation on excess capacity The world is in the process of employing a free trade policy whereby the market is the one that determines the price in the market as well the products to be supplied. The global financial crisis has compelled countries of the world to relax their trade barriers. This is good for the company since it can expand in other many countries. This will increase the market base (Shane 2003). Economic Factors affecting GDP – employment, inflation, government More disposable income –profitable countries amplify service demand High investment from foreign shareholders Competition In the past decade the economy of the world has been on the low pace with many countries recording a negative rate. The world has recorded a positive rate since the great depression Era. Even if the rate today is not so good there is hope and thus a risk taker can as well diversify its business. Socio-cultural Lifestyle trends and consumer preferences Demographic changes Leisure activities Increased spending The attitude the people has towards Google products is that they are of high quality and are reliable. They are however willing to trade with current technologically improved products (Shane 2003). There are no threats as far as the social environment is concerned if the correct technology is adopted. Technological Innovation capacity Changes in technology Improved infrastructure As stated earlier, there is a change in technology in the world. Technology is not stagnant and more is expected in the future (Atrill and Mclaney 2004). The competitiveness of the company will be dependent on the efficiency of technology that it will implement. Environmental Net work problems in some regions Poor terrain Legal Technical standards Competition regulation Licensing and patent rights The important thing is t o comply with the laws and regulations, which are set.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The external forces described above can help in the determination of the Google’s market growth (or decline) and the implication of its strategic business unit. If an economic recession occurs, the economic forces would have a considerable bearing on the future market strategies through ripple effects on the political and socio-cultural factors. Political factors put a restriction on the development of the industry by putting tough taxes and regulation requirements (Slowman and Sutcliffe 2004). Marketing Strategy Identifying the customer needs and exceeding them is achieved through several factors; Price Competitive international pricing strategy (Mowen 2004). Price-wars over internet products Price-ranges (customers select services the price range that suit them). Limit pricing strategies Promotion Cross-advertising advantage (vertical integration) Acquisition of smaller companies – boosts international promotion brand name Service promotion through corporate ima ge (efficient quality products) Products / Services Diversified range of internet products and services. Inter-linked products for customer use (Mowen 2004). Delivering the content that customers desire (identifying customer preferences and delivering it to them) Place Open market operations (expansion through acquisitions) Effective distribution channels through advanced technology Accessible (i.e. virtually every place) Online media content (worldwide access) People Skilled sales team to advertise, promote, and distribute services Effective allocation of H.R. (Correct people for the job) Google’s Superior Marketing Strategy Google’s superior marketing strategy complements its mission statement and has seen its product being well positioned in the market. The company’s reputable brand name is a source of competitive advantage as it lures customer traffic. It offers clean and user friendly products and services that attract a large number of end-users. M ost of its web pages are easy to use compared to other search engines. By a single a click, a user is able to access the information he is seeking for whereas other search engines provides complicated procedures. It does also provide relevant results on specific pages making it easy for end-users. This can be termed as Google’s superior marketing strategy that has enabled it to hold its current position. On top of easy to use services, it provides a wide variety of free products and services which increase its end-users (Slawski 2007). By efficiently controlling its cost drivers, Google has developed a cost and differentiation advantage over its competitors through: A high degree of technological innovativeness Economies of scale and scope in ability to reach customers Maximization of resources and capacity Linkages between value chain activities Interrelated business units Vertical integration Strengths and Weaknesses Strength Effective management– training, motiva ting reviewing staff. Also outsourcing Marketing power growth- strong brand creation through cross-promotion. Strong balance sheet- stable liquidity average debtor/creditor days reduced. 4. Tax advantage in different countries- lower corporate taxes. Strong capital base Strategic expansion through customer-focused innovations and acquisitions High turnover growth A strong market strategy Strategically placed to fight competition A strong brand name and good reputation among customers Weaknesses Lack of a well thought future market strategy High cost structure Lack of a succession plan Google Company’s strength is ventured in its strong brand name that is internationally recognized. There is a wide recognition of its products in all parts of the world. The strength of the company is undoubtedly engineered by its internal managerial mechanisms. In order to have a competitive edge in selling its product and services, it will be advisable for the company to take advantage o f its ability to compete favourably with equal players in the market (Hooley and Saunders 1993). Porter’s 5 Forces (Analysis) Porter came up with a structure for determining competition in an industry. His argument was that in every industry, there are at least five competitive forces which establish the nature of competition within that industry. These 5 forces are examined under: Buyer’s (bargaining) power Buyers determine the way products move. It is through buyers that a company realizes its competitive advantage in the market. Google has the following buyers’ power. High Buyer Concentration- leads to price wars high competition (Ketels 2006) Short Contracts- Buyers can switch to alternatives rapidly Inexpensive switching costs- customers can switch-over effortlessly Backward Integration- threat removed since industry is diversified Competitive Rivalry in the Industry Within an industry, there are businesses which compete with each other for the available market share. These businesses either specialize in the production of similar products or differentiated products (Ketels 2006). Google’s rival firms compete with one another on the basis of: Quality Performance High exit barriers Little product differentiation High investment intensity Though the company offers high quality and low cost services, there is still great rivalry in the industry as products are close substitutes to each other. Threat of Substitutes A substitute product is a product that meets the same needs as those met by a product produced by the industry. Google’s products have many substitutes in the market offered by the competing companies such as Yahoo and Microsoft. Threat of Entry This depends on the number of entry barriers available. The higher the entry barriers, the fewer the number of competitors will be in the industry. Google enjoys the following barriers: Brand loyalty of customers Strong capital cost on entry (Ketels 2006) Legal const raints Acquisitions Government restrictions on monopolistic firms Greater economies of scale- out performance Diversification- acceptable quality survives, can be easily imitated It stands to win over the threat of entry in the market because; the government has put strong entry barriers. Supplies’ Bargaining Power Flexibility to the industry’s request Volume and price provided Concentrated suppliers High switching cost The suppliers bargaining power is weak over the buyers’ and could always lower their prices to ensure a share of the buyers’ prospective profit. The Three Generic Strategies Market segmentation is the breaking down of the target market into small segments to make advertising easy. One of the benefits of market segmentation is that companies are able to target specific populations that would have not been reached if mass marketing was adopted. With this kind of marketing, companies are able to have a closer contact with their potential c ustomers and they are able to understand their tastes, interests, and preferences. The differentiation strategy is the use of a set of incorporated actions that are intended to improve the production and delivery of goods and services and customers are expected to recognize these goods and services as having different and unique importance. The cost leadership strategy is one of the key strategies in marketing (Earl 1996). Each producer in the industry aims at being the lowest producer at a given level of quality. Products are sold at an average price so as to attract a big market share and earn high profits. Most customers tend to prefer the low priced products if they guarantee them of quality (Hooley Saunders 1993). Urgent Issues The company already has a strong brand name. This is an upper hand in positioning itself in the new market. Other than the company itself, the companies that it has acquired are also doing well. There is the expertise that the company boosts of. This is gotten from the acquired companies and the developments that have been taking place over the years. Using this, the company should come up with measures that are aimed at countering competition by offering quality to the clients. Other urgent issues include; Close relationship between its suppliers and distributors Expansion of markets through social and cultural contexts An effective procedure to be followed in order to establish new and attractive ideas for the success of the organization. Strong marketing operations- through vertical horizontal integrations Google’s Strategic Position The success or failure of any business or organization depends on the organizational behaviour perceptions. The way the management team together with the employees handles these perceptions determines whether the organization will close its operations or it will continue. This is because management and employees are responsible for the future development of the organization. This is done through motivation, communication, politics, and power. Businesses have to develop a competitive advantage if they are to continue and failure to do so will lead to deterioration (Anctil 2008). For a relationship to exist, messages have to be sent and received between people such as employees and companies such as suppliers. Google endeavours to invest in differentiation and low prices in comparison to competitors. As a result, they have adopted the hybrid strategy, which has enhanced their competitive advantage. Google has realized a high turnover growth which offsets its low profit margins and enables sustainability of the cooperation’s price-based competitive advantage. In addition to reinvestment of margins, Google has achieved differentiation through its products as well as imperfect mobility of its brand name, which is inimitable. Hence, Google enjoys market dominance and first mover advantages through technological innovations. From its initial existence, Google has ca pitalized on its core competencies through vertical integration, horizontal, and geographical diversification. In line with its marketing strategy, Google has achieved diversification inorganically through acquisitions, strategic alliances and the associate programme, as well as organically through new product development and technological innovation. The internal expansion focused on improved products for existing customers and new markets. Recommendations Since the Google Company is growing fast and at the same time facing challenges, it is important that certain recommendations be proposed. The recommendations should be adopted with the sole reason of advancing the company’s global operations. To achieve this, the following recommendations are important; Restructure marketing techniques: the company is facing stiff international competition and is likely to lose out in case it remains with the same old marketing strategies; the company should consider drawing new market co mmunication strategies that will reposition its products in the market. In addition, the company should re-brand its products through careful and skilful innovation in order to attract new customers. To ensure that the operations of the company are successful, it is important that the company defines its operation principles of internal control. Moreover, the company should also establish ways of monitoring and evaluating the internal controls. The company should establish proper criteria according to which the process of risk management will be taking place. The criteria should be in such a way that potential risks are identified early enough and appropriate actions taken promptly. Financial strength is one of the most important core businesses of the company. To ensure that the company’s financial resource are well managed and utilized, it is recommended that the company gives a clear description on how the internal audit should function to avoid any form of Fraud or misapp ropriation of financial resource It will also be important for the company to enhance the flow of information from the top level to bottom level. The flow of information on crucial and sensitive matters should be effective and efficient. This should utilize the most current communication technology. The strengths and weaknesses of the company should be evaluated on a periodic basis in order to identify potential challenges that can affect the normal operations of the company. It is important to note that new challenges arise and can contribute to the company’s already existing weaknesses. Again, the company is likely to gain more strength in areas which, if well utilized, can help enhance the competitive advantage of the company. A definite period should therefore be set to be used in monitoring and evaluating the internal weaknesses and strengths of the company. Conclusion Google is the biggest and yet the most innovative internet firm. It was started as a research project b y PhD students from the University of Stanford. Since inception, it has been going through periods of growth and innovation. It has evolved to be an internet-based powerhouse and has been able to beat other internet firms, such as, Yahoo and Microsoft. It occupies about 50% of the market and offers a variety of products and services that attract a large population of users. Google offers relevant search results and it is also simple and user-friendly and this has facilitated its tremendous growth to become the most preferred search engine in the world. Google critical marketing strategies are the acquisition of small firms and the development of new services and technologies. Its revenue is entirely on advertising. What makes Google’s advertisement unique from others is that the ads displayed on a page are pertinent to the content of that specific page. Google also offers a wide variety of free services such as Gmail, Google maps, and other we-based services which attracts ma ny end-users forming a basis for increased advertising revenue. Reference List Anctil, E., 2008. Marketing and Advertising the Intangible. ASHE Higher Education Report, 34(2), 31-47. Anon. 2010. Google, Inc. Form 10-Q: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Web. Atrill, P. and Mclaney, E., 2004. Accounting and finance for non-specialists, 4th Edition. Financial Times Prentice Hall, pp. 152-72. Earl, P., 1996. Management, Marketing and the Competitive Process. Williston, American International Distribution Corporation. Hooley, J. and Saunders, J., 1993. Competitive Strategy: The Key to Marketing Strategy. New York, Prentice Hall. Ketels, C., 2006. Michael Porters Competitiveness Framework: Recent Learning and New Research Priorities. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade Vol.6, no.2, 115-136. Mowen, C.J., 2004. Consumer Behaviour-A Framework. Beijing, Tsinghua University Press. New York Times, 2007. Google Deal Said To Bring U.S. Scrutiny. Web. Shane, S., 2003. A General Theor y of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. London, Edward Elgar. Slawski, B., 2007. Google Acquisitions. [Online] SEO by the Sea. Slowman, J. and Sutcliffe, M., 2004. Economics for Business, 3rd Edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall, pp. 84-94.

The Best Email Marketing Sending Frequency According to 20 Studies

The Best Email Marketing Sending Frequency According to 20 Studies How often should brands send marketing emails? That’s a common question without a single definitive answer. But, you’re responsible for establishing your company’s email schedule and managing the marketing calendar. If your boss asks, â€Å"Are we sending emails at the best possible frequency,† you can’t say, â€Å"That answer is unknowable, young Jedi.† That’s not a helpful response. And it’s condescending to your department head (and you want to keep your job). Plus, if your email frequency isn’t optimized, you might be missing opportunities to convert more leads (or stop chasing away those currently in your funnel). Your list is an invaluable resource, and how often you send to it matters. The best schedule will vary from business to business, but you need a starting point and data to compare against. In this post, you’ll learn what 20 different companies discovered when they tried to answer this question. By the time you’re done, you’ll be prepared to plan a complete email schedule optimized for frequency and pacing. It’ll all be backed by real data, and ready to be fine-tuned based on your own performance. The Best Email Marketing Sending Frequency Backed By 20 Studies via @Snag Your Free Email Schedule Optimization Bundle Use the right tools for the right job. To help you get started managing an effective email schedule, here are three templates to use: Email Marketing Calendar Template: Schedule all those emails in one place (at the best dates and times, of course). Best Times to Send Email Guide: Get some additional insight into which times typically work best. Email Marketing Strategy Template: Plan and organize the complete strategy behind every email you’ll send. †¦ And Plan Your Email Frequency With The easiest way to map out your email schedule is on a calendar integrated into a holistic marketing management platform. With its new email marketing integrations, that platform is . With Email Marketing from , you can: Seamlessly integrate with your *favorite* email marketing platform. You already have a kick-a$$ email platform you know and love, so why give it up? With Email Marketing, you can easily connect your preferred email platform to with just a couple clicks. Write click-worthy email subject lines...every time. With Email Marketing, you can use ’s *exclusive* Email Subject Line Tester to optimize and perfect every subject line to drive more opens, more clicks, and more conversions. Get full visibility into your ENTIRE marketing strategy. Say â€Å"buh-bye† to disjointed marketing content (and constantly jumping from screen to screen). With Email Marketing, it’s easy to see how your email campaigns relate to the rest of your marketing strategy and quickly make adjustments if necessary. With Email Marketing, you can easily connect your preferred email platform (MailChimp, Campaign Monitor, Constant Contact, and ActiveCampaign) to with just a couple clicks. Here’s how you can get started. Or schedule a free 14-day trial. About the 20 Studies, Blog Posts, and Research Reports So, where did all the research in this post come from? Here’s a breakdown of all 20 studies and posts: Infusionsoft’s post on finding the best frequency to email customers. DMA’s annual email marketing report. Entrepreneur’s pointers on the topic. Campaign Monitor’s surprising findings. Constant Contact’s detailed guide. Sark eMedia’s thoughtful opinions on what offers most value. Traffic Generation Cafe’s syndicated advice courtesy of Daegan Smith. Smart Insights’ research-backed findings. Crazy Egg’s impassioned recommendation to send more emails. Benchmark’s practical guide to choosing days and times to deliver. Fulcrum Tech’s helpful delineation between the terms â€Å"frequency† and â€Å"cadence.† OmniSend’s original research from 2017. Aweber’s answer: there’s no magic number (plus rationale for that conclusion). MailPoet’s more philosophical answer: it depends (and an explanation for that, too). EventBrite’s concise tips specific to event promotion emails. Ignite Visibility’s advice for promotional emails. SendGrid’s useful tips on what to do if your frequency is too  frequent. MailChimp’s email marketing field guide, which touches on frequency. Clickz’s collected research, which includes insights on how often top brands are sending email. ReturnPath’s original research on email frequency. That’s a lot of difference perspectives, from all different types of sources. This ensures the advice in this post isn’t all coming from one perspective, while reflecting the diversity of opinion and thought on this topic. What do 20 different studies say about the ideal email marketing send frequency?Setting Benchmarks: Frequency Vs. Results For comparison purposes, here are some benchmarks gathered by the folks at SendGrid, based on their own original research  (based on â€Å"50 billion messages to over 100,000 different senders in the top 25 industries who sent email through SendGrid†: A few things to point out straight off the bat: The average respondent sent around two emails per week. This marked a decline from 2016 to 2017. Which corresponded with a 3.3% increase in opens and a .4% increase in unique opens. However, unique clicks and clicks overall declined. What does this tell us? We can make a few educated guesses: Consumers are overwhelmed with information overload. Not just in their inboxes, but all over the web. So, reducing email may be an effort to reduce content shock. So, sending slightly less email can potentially improve results. It makes each email appear more valuable (at least initially) if they’re received less often. But, that email needs to be engaging to get clicks. The fact that clicks went down somewhat is slightly concerning, even if CTRs didn’t drop precipitously. This lines up with some other findings this post will dig into a bit later on. What Can Happen When You Tweak Your Frequency? Now, if you’re already sending marketing emails, you might be worried about adjusting your frequency. After all, if you don’t know what might happen, you may not want to risk something going wrong. But, fortune favors the bold. If you really want to know what works, you’ve got to be willing to experiment at least a little bit. To alleviate potential fears, though, here are four possible outcomes that Campaign Monitor says can occur. Unsubscribes Might Go Up Even worse, SPAM reports might go up, too. So, take that as a warning not to go overboard. That data aligns with possible solutions: Engagement Might Drop Citing (gated) data from Return Path, Campaign Monitor’s post reports that engagement could drop if too many low-value emails are sent. Not only could opens drop and unsubscribes increase, but even people who stick around might just disengage. Nothing Happens You make a change and †¦ nothing changes. That’s †¦ okay? Sort of? What this means is it’s time to test another variable. †¦ But, Your Results Could Improve (Dramatically), Too! When you start testing, some things might not go your way. But, once you start to see positive movement, keep at it. The results are worth the effort. In Campaign Monitor’s post, they highlight Aviva, an insurance company based in the UK. They were only emailing their list once a year. You read that right. But, then they increased their frequency. You’ll never believe what happened next: 48% more requested insurance quotes 304% more unique clicks 45% more email revenue Those are some awesome results, and they never would have been achieved without pushing past status quo and the fear of change.

Role of primary care physicians in obesity prevention and management Essay

Role of primary care physicians in obesity prevention and management in the U.S - Essay Example The principal research objective is to examine the gaps that exist in primary care particularly in managing obesity. Further, the research seeks to identify barriers that impede physicians from helping obese patients manage their weight. The research is, therefore, projected to pave way for better comprehension of healthcare delivery system from a weight and related ailments management perspective. Given the fact that scientific knowledge in regard to this healthcare service delivery system is not extensive, the proposed study will draw together extant information and present research based recommendations on how primary care physicians can contribute more to obesity management. Given primary care physicians’ direct connection to obese patients and their health information, they are best placed to aid in weight management and avoidance of obesity comorbidities, as long as, they effectively overcome prevailing impediments. Grant et al.’s study focuses on the roles entrus ted to bariatric physicians or medical practitioners who specialize in weight management. This study is instrumental to the research, since it provides insight into aspects in which primary physicians can be trained to make them proficient in obesity management. Sebiany’s research article provides important insight into the responsibilities expected of primary physicians in effective management of obesity, as well as, perceived obstacles to this efficacy. The journal article will be invaluable in development of the principal argument of the paper.

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Existentialism - Essay Example In other words, existentialism is a philosophical idea that is related to discovering oneself and the whole significance of life by the use of self-determination, freedom, autonomy, choosing, and responsibility. The idea is that every individual is seeking to discover and realize their true existence - who they are; what they are? - in life as each one makes decision according to his or her experiences, principles, and point of view. And options become distinctive without having the need of an impartial mode of reality. Existentialists believe in the idea that every person are compelled to make choices so as they should be responsible enough in making decisions with the aid of ethics and traditional beliefs. Freedom is a rudimentary idea in existentialism. Existentialists assert that while there are things that one cannot control such as skin colour, parents, race, etc., there is no possibility in pre-determining human actions, and that every human are deemed responsible for every act that he or she takes. In addition, the existentialist’ idea of facticity – a person is what the person’s past is in that his past co-establishes itself. (Sartre, â€Å"Being and Nothingness†). Many philosophers agree that freedom is something that cannot be separated from a person’s own nature. As a matter of fact, some existentialists subscribe to the notion that in dealing with human affairs, more so, on issues related to existence and personal concerns, human reasoning becomes limited, and sometimes, become insensible. Moreover, rationality does not have the ability to completely provide a person with the kind of consciousness needed to understand oneself; thus, human reasoning and other forms of rationality are insufficient (Kierkegaard 5). In religion, existentialists asserts that every believer should realize that, in studying the

Womens Rights Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Womens Rights Essay Introduction Essay Throughout life, Women have been experiencing a kind of situation where they do not receive equal rights as men. It is a spread of nationalism and it brings awareness to several of people. A majority group of women from different countries, races, cultures and languages speak of situations where they have been abused, threatened, victimized, mistreated and judged based on their appearance and capabilities. In spite that it is an issue, women perform their behavior in a different kind manner from fear and the decisions they make will change their life drastically. This is a form of crime where a woman faces violence that they do not deserve, whether it is in public or in a private context. There is a huge difference between the treatments both men and women receive. The fact that they are both different genders, these difference include their privilege to vote, their power of their political, their figure in what they are as an individual and their social engagement. It has become a huge impact in today’s society and from the past years, considering, that it has changed the world’s views and aspects towards women. However, women fight for their equal rights and their self determination as a mother and as an individual woman. During their movement, it has impacted the society and their hard work has finally paid off it includes their suffrage, movements and their discrimination which now Women can do anything. The issue of women’s rights has become a widespread. Over the eighteen hundreds, women from different countries around the world such as China, Afghanistan, Brazil, India, the U.  S and plenty of more countries, have had a huge impact towards a women, and until now it still has. Millions of women in every society struggled to strive for their equal rights in their country and their roles which would benefit them to redefine their lives. It involves their education and their access to political. In many cases women faces obstacles pertaining about â€Å"pregnancy, abortion, childbirth, HIV, reproductive tract infections and AIDS†, this is considered sex slavery. In this situation, it brings a daunting decision for a woman to face and overcome these obstacles, considering the fact that it may risk their lives or their health, internally and emotionally. Although, women’s fight for themselves, to gain respect and their freedom from this abusive sexual behavior to regain their dignity and justice. For example, Susan B. Anthony is one of the most well known person that supported Women’s Rights, regarding how she stood up for herself and for the entire group of women that is facing this kind of crisis, which she faced at the Declaration of Rights in July 1876. Susan quotes that We ask justice, we ask equality, we ask that all the civil and political rights that belong to citizens of the United States, be guaranteed to us and our daughter’s forever. † She was the leader of the union where she gathered a majority group of women to fight for what they believed was right! It included blacks and any sort of races. In contrast, Women were treated as if they were toy machines that obeyed their husband’s every desire. Basically, they were known as an image of a housewife. All they ever did was to cook, take care of their child including their family and did all the house chores, thus, if they were bored their hobby included sewing, their husbands were in control of their wages and lives. During that century, no one took an advice from women nor listened to what they had to say, concerning the fact that it was more than 15 countries all over the world. Women were looked down upon in the modern world; men had so much power against women. They believed that women are weak simply because of their appearance and their judgment about their capabilities, which they also believed that they are an easy target to rape. This situation that is occurring revolved around the world, how the treatment, misuse and abusive manner happen every day in a women’s life. The fact that men have a greater power; they abused this power to mistreat their wife or individual women, due to their different genders. Especially, how their husbands were given the right to beat their wives when they were angry at them also they had the privilege to lock them in a basement or wherever. For instance, during the 1960’s some housewives had the opportunity to vote and women did not get equal pay as men did when they worked. In addition, men receive greater opportunities than women, compared to women, they receive fewer opportunities. Therefore, women fought for themselves to rebel against their oppression, because of this controversial act. A majority group of women formed together to end this crisis, that they called their group â€Å"The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies† (NUWSS) which all began in the year of 1869 in  New York. A majority group of women went on protest to fight their beliefs as an individual for their equal rights. One of the situations they fought included their right to vote. It gave an illustration of the comparison to blacks and the rights of women. During the 1870’s, blacks were granted to vote while women were not, considering that women had to stay home to do the house chores while their husband went away and voted even if they weren’t interested in this. One of the Women that stood up for their gender and fought for this was, Elizabeth Cady Stanton she was the president of this, during the time of day along with Susan B. Anthony. As for every other woman, they all had their own beliefs in this situation; some were okay with this while some were not. Women’s that were involved and known as a suffragist, marched holding bans pertaining about their rights uphill and downhill they encouraged every other people to join them. In 1920 finally their hard work finally paid off, women were granted to vote however their privilege to work outside and their desires to get a higher education were not granted. Nevertheless, a movement in 1963, The National Organization of Women was formed by a group of women under the creed â€Å"to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men†. This movement is a group of women who protested in what they believed was right for themselves. In recent years, their main focus in what they were doing was to receive equal payment like men, war protest for their rights. It included the same rights they wanted to obtain like how men were treated also how they in general should be treated like. They demanded equal rights such as the same job opportunities that will be opened up for them; political structure, social security and education should be granted. Several of Women demanded the rights of health services and the education they should receive. They opposed this through regulation and legislation amendment. An example, how women can do the same jobs as men is when men were assassinated in World War II. Women took over their jobs in a good term. This illustrates how women can be proven that their capabilities shouldn’t be judged. Unfortunately, when some of the men came back women were back in their old self, doing what they normally do.

What are groups? Essay -- Communication Skills, Team Work

Groups are collections of people with similar qualities and shared aims coming together to share knowledge and to learn from each other through discussion (Jaques and Salmon, 2007). Through group work (GW) students acquire effective collaborative, problem-solving, teamwork and communication skills. These are key skills required in employment where graduates will often need to work in teams to discuss solutions to problems / tasks. According to Race (2007) the above transferable skills can only be learnt from, and with, other people. Humans are social beings, thus individual learning is seen as a cultural process of participation as a group member interacting and socialising with each other (Maiden and Perry, 2011). Learners were tasked to design a module in groups of five or six in LTM113. Tuckman’s Model (TM) of group development will be used to discuss how GW is employed as a means to achieve the development of a module. TM is used by behaviourist scientist to analyse individual and group behaviour in the workplace, but the realm for Higher Education is that by recognising where a group is in the process, teachers can help steer the group to the desired stage. A brief synopsis of each stage is outlined below, reflecting on my experience in GW. The first stage of TM is Forming where members comes together to form a group, which involves testing limits to identify boundaries of both interpersonal and task behaviours (Tuckman, 1965). My group consists of a heterogenous mix of five lecturers from different faculty, providing mixed academic ability and experience to benefit GW. Participating in self-selection into groups promotes a sense of ownership, but self-selected groups can be subjective to discrimination by... ...eeping a focus on the task enabled the group to effectively reallocate roles, and collective effort helps towards the building of the module. A criticism of TM is that it is linear and observations are qualitative, subjective to bias. Findings cannot be generalised as there is a lack of control of independent variables and inequality in representation (Tuckman, 1965). An argument is that development of groups is not straightforward because human processes are complex. There may be overlap between different stages in TM as when group conflict is fading, feelings of cohesion may be rising. These changes do not occur in a discontinuous, staged-like sequence. Furthermore, groups are constantly forming and changing and they can move to a different stage. For example, when the group was performing, unexpected problems could force the group back to storming.

People and culture Essay

In this essay I am going to compare to poems present people and culture. Whether it be using words, imagery or the tone of the poem. The two poems I will be comparing are ‘What were they like’ by Denise Levertov and ‘presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ by Moniza Alvi. Both people consider the prospect of loosing a culture but the will loose them in different ways to each other, through war and the pressures of society also peer pressure. In ‘what were they like’ by Denise Levertov we are first confused about what the poem subject matter may be until we delve into the meaning of the poem and explore the history of the Vietnamese war and the people and culture caught up in the conflict. After reading into the poem we can see that it is about how people after the Vietnamese war believed their culture would be lost forever and that they would need story tellers and educators to continue their cultures story. The poem considers issues that are still relevant today such as the possibility of the loss of the culture and tradition in Afghanistan and Iraq due to the ongoing hostilities. The poem heavily romanticises the war and the Vietnamese people when saying things like ‘life was in rice and bamboo.’ This implies that the Vietnamese are simple folk, their lives are painted in a sympathetic portrait of a gentle, kind and humble race living and working in the paddy fields, which may be perceived as a patronising view of the Vietnamese people. This would not necessarily be how the poem was intended to be presented. ‘Presents from†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ has similarities and differences to ‘What were they like’ is about. In ‘presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ Moniza Alvi is curious of her culture that she was torn away from at an early age. She receives presents from her aunts in Pakistan but is embarrassed of them. This poem is written through the eyes of a 16 year old girl who is curious, confused and embarrassed about a culture that she knows so little about but is such a big part of her as a person. When friends come round she hides her presents to avoid further embarrassment and ridicule. She is considering what culture to embrace and what culture to reject, peer pressure from both her friends and relatives are forcing her into a corner from which she is made to choose from and has nowhere to turn. The way this poem is both different and similar to ‘what were they like’ is that in both cases they are being forced to loose their culture, in ‘Presents from†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ by peer pressure and in ‘What were they like’ by military force, in this way they are also similar because it is not their choice to loose their culture, this is how both poems present people and culture, how people can make their own choices and that people need to stand up for themselves. In this section of my essay on people and culture I will be comparing the structure of both ‘Presents†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘What were†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ how they are similar and different in shape, rhyme, punctuation, repetition, refrain and stanzas/sections. The structure of both poems are similar as they are original in the way they are presented. The structure has been greatly considered to show the poem is a certain way. In ‘Presents†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ there appears to be no structure or reason to the bizarre way the poem is written at first reading. When we consider that the poet is confused and curious about her other culture she has moved away from, it becomes clear that that are the scattered ideas running through the mind of a troubled young girl. There need be no beginning or end to this poem; it is possible for the poem to start in many places, as this is set out to be as though someone has jotted down ideas and thoughts that have possibly no link between lines. There is no rhythm or flow through the poem, broken up by the lack of sense and constant change of path the poem takes. There is still some structure to the poem, there is punctuation where is should be, maybe even mare so as she pauses to throw more ideas and thoughts onto the page. There are full stops and capital letters where expected at the start and end of ideas. Ideas are split into stanzas which shows the poem is not completely free from structure. There is no repetition or refrain which is only to be expected in a poem such as this, where there is no regular shape or structure. I believe the poet has intended for their to be no structure, as it shows turmoil in the writer’s mind as she throws up the pro’s and con’s of embracing or rejecting her culture of which she knows so little about. It could also be written in this way to celebrate culture and diversity, by displaying her work in a unique and diverse way, I think this is the way Moniza Alvi wanted to display people and culture through the structure of her poem. In ‘What were†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the structure is also unorthodox in the way it is presented. We may be puzzled the first time we read it and question why the poem is written in such a way. As I have said before, it is not until you read deeper and research into the meaning of the poem that you can fully understand why it is written the way it is. You can then understand that it is written about the Vietnamese people and their battle to keep their culture. It appears to be children asking their teacher, Vietnamese people or American war veterans that fought in the war about the past and the culture or way of life the Vietnamese had. The way the poem is set out even as a question and answer poem is not as you would expect it to be, all the questions and all the answers are grouped together in two block paragraphs divided by a small gap. I thin Denise Levertov wrote the poem in this way because it shows that there are two different speakers to the poem and it draws a clear line between then to avoid confusion. I also think it is written in this way to show that there is a bombardment of questions from the children, as when the war was over people would have wanted to ask a lot of questions about the war, what the felt and how their culture has been affected. This is how I think Denise Levertov intended and used the structure of the poem to present how the people both Vietnamese and the group questioning them felt about the war. In the next section of my essay I will be exploring how the poets used language and poetic devices to display people and culture. Poets use different poetic devices to display their work in different ways depending on which way they would like their work to be perceived. ‘What were†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is a good example of where metaphors are used affectively to creat a clear image in your mind of what the poet is tring to get accros. A good example of this is ‘Sir, laughter is bitter to the burned mouth’, this could mean a few things, it could mean that they can no longer laugh as nothing is funny after the horrors they have seen, nothing would seem funny after the amount of death and destruction they have seen. Another meaning that is linked to laughter being hard to come by, could be that after seeing charred bodies and charred mouths that can no longer physically laugh. The poem is very ambiguous and could have many meanings that are not clear at first. The poet, Denise Levertov could have intended for this to happen and used it as a devise to make you continue reading to see if it became clear over time the exact meaning of this poem. It may also be ambiguous because the poem was written before the end of the Vietnamese war and ideas they may have been proved wrong or be different to the knowledge we have now, I think it was accidental that the people and culture are displayed in such an ambiguous way, but the way imagery, metaphors and similes have been used is very effective and presents well people and culture in the Vietnamese war. In ‘Presents†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ imagery is also used all of the time to help you imagine the presents that are sent from her aunts in Pakistan. At the same time similes and metaphors are used to describe the items of clothing by comparing the exotic items of clothing to other more familiar objects, such as when it says ‘They sent me a salwar kameez peacock blue, and another glistening like an orange split open.’ This is very useful when trying to imaging other items of clothing that are sent. It is much better way of describing what the thing looks like and a much clearer way of presenting the people and culture in the poem when we can relate to everyday items and not just a name that we cannot pronounce properly. One of the dresses is personified when it says ‘ I tried each satin-silken top was alien in the sitting-room’. This puts a clear image in your mind of how Moniza feels towards her new clothes, it shows that she is confused about her Pakistani culture as if it were alien to her. Personification is not used in ‘What were†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ but is used very effectively in ‘Presents†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢

Elder abuse Essay

Elder abuse is a practice carried out by various groups of people in different set of societies. It is a practice which has been grouped among other forms of discrimination. Elder abuse is thus discrimination of elder rights and freedom on the basis of age. Basically elders should be cared for and be given opportunity to express their opinion in the society. They have rights just like any other person of whichever age and therefore should not be subjected to any form of injustice. There are different types of elder abuse and each has specific indictors and consequences. Elders are abused financially through discrimination on financial matters. This form of abuse involves a situation where an elder is denied access to property which belongs to him, elder caregiver refuses to spend money from elder’s account, withdrawal of money from elders account through coaxing or by force and also taking advantage of the elder’s condition to misuse his money. This is like in the case of Mr. Jones, his daughter want to misuse his funds, taking advantage of his physical condition. Another form of elder abuse is inadequate care or neglecting them. Elderly people should be given care since they have many needs and they can not take care of themselves because of their age. This type of abuse involves not maintaining proper hygiene to the elders, not allowing the elders to participate family and other social ceremonies, not taking them for medication when they are sick and poor maintenance of the elder’s house of residence. Others are subjected to physiological and social abuse. In this type of abuse the elders are viewed as of no social or economical benefit and hence are neglected socially. They are tortured and are left mentally disturbed. They also suffer psychologically as they think how low they have been taken in the society. (http://www. elderabusecenter. org/default. cfm? p=nursinghomeabuse. cfm) Usually, the elder abusers share some chareacteristics. The elders’ abusers are either family member of the elder or non member of the family. Most of elder abusers are alcohol or drug addicted. This characteristic enables them to abuse the elders under drugs or alcohol control. They therefore mistreat the elders under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Most elder abusers depend on the elder for financial assistant. They therefore abuse them so that they can benefit financially at the elder expenses. Most elders’ abusers are stressed in life. They therefore abuse the elders out of stress and problems upon them. They see the elders as burden on top of their problems. Some of elder abusers are mentally ill. This makes them not to care about the elders and can mistreat them carelessly. The elders who fall victims of elder abuse also share some similar characteristics. Such elders are prone to abuse or are vulnerable. Elders with mental illness are basically prone to financial, sexual etc abuse. Most abused elders are socially rejected in the society. They therefore become desperate for any person who can socialize with them. The people who socialize with them usually abuse them since they understand they do not have other social friends. Most abused elders look exploitable form the look. In this way they give in easily to every idea given and they do not resist a lot especially in any argument. The abusers therefore take advantage and exploit them to their advantage. Most of the abused elders are physically or mentally impaired. This weakness gives abusers opportunities to abuse and mistreat the elders. For instance most elder women suffering from mental illness are sexually abused. (http://www. preventelderabuse. org/professionals/concerned. html) I can conclude by telling Mr. Jones that everybody has right to live free from any discrimination. This is clearly stated in the fundamental rights and freedom which state that nobody should be discriminated on basis of race, age, color etc. In that way therefore every elder should report any form of discrimination without fear.

How to Write a Business Report

How to Write a Business Report Writing Your Business Report What is a business report should be the most important question one needs to ask, because if you do not know this answer you would have already failed. Business reports are concise documents that will inform the reader about certain facts by summarizing and analyzing the details or various situations a business might find itself in. The business report is then used to make recommendations to whoever requested the report be drafted in the first place. Before you begin writing a business report it is important to find out who your audience is and what the fundamental purpose of the report is, this way you will ensure that you will meet the requirements expected. This is achieved by firstly reading your assignment carefully. It is helpful to jot down what you believe the audience would already know, so that you do not bore them; also it allows you a chance to see what key points need to be covered or described in detail. Next, you will need to determine your goal or the purpose of the business report, in short what your audience need to know once they have read your report. Keep in mind that you must respond to all the aspects asked of you when assigned the task of writing a business report. Typical reports include the following sections as a bare minimum: Terms of Reference, Procedure, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations, but this will also be depend on the report you are writing. The nice part about writing a business report is that you are allowed to use charts, graphs and short bulleted lists to allow quick communication of information that is important to your business report. Proofreading Your Report It is advisable to proof read your business report carefully, and if possible ask other co-workers to read through your business report and to make notes where they find things a bit unclear or a little too emotive. Take these notes under review before finalizing your business report as it is quite easy to include things that do not pertain to the information wanted by the audience. In the end you want to create a report that is easy to read, concise and factual which any busy business person would be able to glance at in a hurry and obtain the gist of the report presented. When writing a business report it is important to remember that you must write in an objective and non-emotive tone and above all else, what you write must be factual. Generally the use of verbs and adjectives are not found in a business report as the facts presented in the report are supposed to persuade the audience. If you are feeling that you are not up to the task at hand, place an order with us now and have our team of professional writers put together a concise business report for you today at a fully affordable price.

Indo-European Family of Languages

Indo-European Family of Languages Definition Indo-European is a  family of languages (including most of the languages spoken in Europe, India, and Iran) descended from a common tongue spoken in the third millennium B.C. by an agricultural people originating in southeastern Europe. Branches of Indo-European (IE) include Indo-Iranian (Sanskrit and the Iranian languages), Greek, Italic (Latin and related languages), Celtic, Germanic (which includes English), Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Albanian, Anatolian, and Tocharian. The theory that languages as diverse as Sanskrit, Greek, Celtic, Gothic, and Persian had a common ancestor was proposed by Sir William Jones in an address to the Asiatick Society on Feb. 2, 1786. (See below.) The reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages is known as the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). Examples and Observations The ancestor of all the IE languages is called Proto-Indo-European, or PIE for short. . . . Since no documents in reconstructed PIE are preserved or can reasonably hope to be found, the structure of this hypothesized language will always be somewhat controversial. (Benjamin W. Fortson, IV, Indo-European Language and Culture. Wiley, 2009) Englishalong with a whole host of languages spoken in Europe, India, and the Middle Eastcan be traced back to an ancient language that scholars call Proto Indo-European. Now, for all intents and purposes, Proto Indo-European is an imaginary language. Sort of. Its not like Klingon or anything. It is reasonable to believe it once existed. But nobody every wrote it down so we dont know exactly what it really was. Instead, what we know is that there are hundreds of languages that share similarities in syntax and vocabulary, suggesting that they all evolved from a common ancestor. (Maggie Koerth-Baker, Listen to a Story Told in a 6000-Year-Old Extinct Language. Boing Boing, September 30, 2013) Address to the Asiatick Society by Sir William Jones (1786) The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure, more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists. There is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and the Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit, and the old Persian might be added to this family, if this were the place for discussing any question concerning the antiquities of Persia. (Sir William Jones, The Third Anniversary Discourse, on the Hindus, Feb. 2, 1786) A Shared Vocabulary The languages of Europe and those of Northern India, Iran, and part of Western Asia belong to a group known as the Indo-European Languages. They probably originated from a common language-speaking group about 4000 BC and then split up as various subgroups migrated. English shares many words with these Indo-European languages, though some of the similarities may be masked by sound changes. The word moon, for example, appears in recognizable forms in languages as different as German (Mond), Latin (mensis, meaning month), Lithuanian (menuo), and Greek (meis, meaning month). The word yoke is recognizable in German (Joch), Latin (iugum), Russian (igo), and Sanskrit (yugam). (Seth Lerer, Inventing English: A Portable History of the Language. Columbia Univ. Press, 2007) Also See Grimms LawHistorical Linguistics

CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES AND DEBATES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES AND DEBATES - Essay Example Another example is how the prince’s birth has been announced to the public, which merges new and old media traditions. Clearly, several things, including deciding and announcing the name of royalty, are much faster done now compared to olden times. Moreover, being part of the British family, Kate and William’s little prince will expect large media attraction and coverage, although the British family has tried to limit the latter’s presence in their lives in various ways, since Princess Diana’s death in August 31, 1997 (Lawless and Vinograd, 2013). The royal family, for example, has made arrangements with the British press regarding photos and information that can or cannot be published in the past (Lawless and Vinograd, 2013), a form of censorship that is harder to apply on the foreign/international press. These actions are only some of the examples of the departures of the British family from old traditions and their responses to the intrusions that come from the new media. This essay describes the old and new media environment that the little prince will grow in, as well his impact on the British economy and society. It shows that, despite the prevalence and dominance of the new media, the British family balances old and new cultural traditions as they seek to manage and to influence the media’s increasing impact on society, most especially, on the growth of the little Prince George. To learn more about the role of media in the British family, it would be helpful to describe some changes in how the royal family announced the birth of Prince George. Traditionally, the royal family announces the birth of royal babies â€Å"in front of Buckingham Palace, in the form of a notice placed on an easel in the forecourt of the palace† (Gibson, 2013). British officials changed the tradition when they informed the public of Prince George’s birth through e-mail first, where they added: â€Å"The

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Report - Essay Example The company is headquartered at London, United Kingdom. The telecommunication giant started its operation as Racial Telecom in the year 1983 but the British telecommunication company changed their name to Vodafone in the year 1991 (Vodafone, 2012). The company has established its presence in continents like Asia, Europe, USA, Oceania and Africa. Total employee base of the company is more than 80,000. Global subscriber base for the company is over 350 millions (Vodafone, 2010). Vodafone focuses on developing its product portfolio in periodic manner in order to meet multidimensionality of ever changing consumer demand. For example, the company has implemented new facilities such as shopping order tracking from mobile phone in order to attract attention of online shoppers. The British telecommunication company faces competition from companies like BT Mobile, One Tel, Virgin and many others. Vodafone has earned sales revenue of $71.81billion in the year 2012 and market capitalization of the company is $ 127.18 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2013). Telecommunication industry in the world is going through a transitional phases, telecom companies are slowly moving towards synchronizing internet service with telecom services altogether in order to meet customer demand. Three key trends of the industry have forced telecom companies to rethink about adopting e-business model in order to reduce the cost of providing service. Evolution of Internet Entrust (2001) has reported that, internet usage in B2C & B2B transactions will increase threefold in next 15 years, which means by 2015, e-business will contribute more than half of the global transaction. Demand for Data BBC (2011) had reported that global data demand will rise to more than 400 exabytes within 2013 and companies need to use online business model in order to store such huge databases. Social networking, web browsing and online shopping produce huge amount of data, companies need to use the online platform in order to c hannelize these data properly for generating revenue. Demand for Convenient Service In modern world, both B2B and B2C customers prefer faster and convenient transactions in order perform strategic and non-strategic functions. These customers want to be empowered with faster internet access and real time data monitoring, telecom companies need to implement e-business model in order to fulfil increased demand for convenience among mobile users. The essay will propose a holistic e-business model for Vodafone. Next part of the essay will discuss theoretical framework of the proposed e-business model. Research scholars such as Dierickx & Cool (1989), Rumelt (1986), Grant (1991) and Barney (1986) have argued that, firms need to increase their resource capability such as technological integration capability, developing tangible assets etc in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. Porter (1980, 1985) had stated that, companies need to use competitive advantage as a source for ensuring sustainability of business operation. It is evident from the scholarly works of various research scholars,

Public policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public policy - Essay Example have been important issues that were addressed by American government in response to massive public outcry. The public policy undergoes several stages before it is established and enacted by the government through proper laws. They are: agenda building; formulation and adoption of agenda; implementation; evaluation and termination. The first step to the development of public policy is to set agenda by identifying the problem that influences the lives of people. In recent times, the outsourcing of jobs to foreign agencies was a major issue in America as it had serious implications on the employment of the people which had gone down drastically. The issues are identified when it is raised by various interest groups who represent people who are affected by them. The citizen associations, business bodies and voluntary agencies often start the movement at local and state levels and thereby generate greater support nationally. These interest groups have not only the support of the public but also of eminent people like politician, social worker, Congress members etc. which lends credibility to the issue. Paul Sabatier (2007) says that advocacy coalition framework for policies in different areas of public interests are very strong tools for enacting public policies. They take into considerations the interests of wide range of stakeholders whose lives are impacted by the problems. The coalition comprises of people from different areas media; interest groups; local and state council, researchers and analysts etc. Their feedbacks and opinions become critical part of government mechanism to develop proper agenda for the issue so that it can be taken up by the Congress for discussion. Formulation and adoption of agenda module takes place after the issue is researched and analyzed. The policy formation goes to Congress as a bill rules are drafted. When the draft is adopted, Congress passes the legislation to make

Analysis of Refugee Protection Mechanisms

Analysis of Refugee Protection Mechanisms INTRODUCTION On any given day, thousands of individuals including women and children from all parts of the world are forced to flee their homes for fear of persecution or to escape the dangers of armed conflicts and other refugee-creating force making claims for refugee status in foreign countries. If the key in defining who a refugee is, should not be the reason for leaving ones country but rather the reason for being unable or unwilling to return to it, then in contemporary international system, the problems of border control and trans-boundary flows of asylum seekers are ever relevant to states as well as to the academic researchers in the field of International Relations. After the crises in the management of refugees during World War II, international bodies, primarily United Nations, has allocated significant proportions of its attention and its resources to build up and develop norms of refugee protection as part of the international system of governance. The primary goal of the collective attempts was to lay down the basics for refugee protection in cases of political turmoil, civil or national wars and ethnic conflicts. These attempts, though, were not only the results of the dramatic event of World War II as hinted above, but also accompanied the development of Human Rights regimes at the global level since the late years of the 1940s. It is in this context that the Convention related to the status of Refugees had been drafted and was released on 28th July, 1951. Additional international document in the field is the 1967 Protocol Relating to the status of Refugees known as the New York Protocol. According to the UNHCR 2008 Global Trends report, there were some 42 million forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2008. This includes 15.2 million refugees, 827000 asylum-seekers (pending cases) and 26 million internally displaced person (IDPs).[1] The legal obligations requiring that receiving states not return these refugees to situations of serious human rights abuse derive from international law, but does the so-called international refugee law clearly determine how governments respond to involuntary migration? If the answer is yes then why do states pay lip service to the important of honouring the right to seek asylum, but in practice devote significant resources to keep refugees away from their borders.[2] My work will attempt to evaluate the international refugee system so as to discover whether the norms in the system for refugee protection constitute an international regime, as defined by international relations literature in order to show that if it is a regim e, then states are no longer afforded the full freedom of action and decision making under the doctrine of sovereignty and that they have a certain level of obligation to abide by regime rules and help in the upkeep of the regime. International regime is increasingly in a state of crisis. While armed conflict and human rights abuse continue to force individuals and groups to flee, many governments are retrenching from their legal duty to provide refugees with the protection they require. In this work, I will attempt to explain among other things, refugee laws increasingly marginal role in defining the international response to refugee protection. This will lead me to suggest the basic principles upon which I believe reformulation of international refugee protection mechanisms should be predicated. Refugee law must be reaffirmed, bolstered and perhaps reconceived to respond to this serious deterioration in the rights and security of refugees. This thesis will evaluate the international legal mechanisms for refugee protection. Its premise is that refugee law is a mode of human rights protection. The paper will address the legal definition of a refugee, refugee rights and the institutional and procedural structur es through which claims for protection are evaluated. It will clearly define and apply contemporary legal standards, within an international and domestic legal context, and subject the present domestic and international regime to critical scrutiny. TOPIC AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to closely look at the international refugee protection system that is made up of the various conventions, treaties and regional agreements, and domestic refugee policies, in order to determine whether or not the system constitute an international regime. The purpose of trying to discover whether these mechanisms for refugee protection do or do not constitute an international regime is to show that the members of the regime (i.e. signatory states to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, regional agreements and those states that have enshrined the Convention in to their domestic asylum policies) thus have their actions restricted considerably by the very fact that they are members of the regime. They are no longer allowed the full freedom and decision-making afforded to them under the doctrine of state sovereignty. Regime plays important role in the international system in bringing about co-operation and stability. In my analysis of regime theory, I will attem pt a highlight of the role the refugee protection regime plays within the international system as a whole and discuss whether the roles are changing. THESIS QUESTION: In lieu with the above, this paper will attempt to address the following thesis questions: Do the contemporary refugee protection mechanisms in the international system constitute an international regime? If the system of protection is an international regime, what kind of regime does it represent? What are its characteristics and how is it important? How are restrictive measures adopted by states affecting the international protection regime? Specifically, do they account for the change within or of, the regime, or a weakening of the regime itself? What is the role of the regime within the international system as a whole, and how is this role evolving especially in the face of states use of restrictive measures? THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The study will use the Rationalist approach to regime theory. The mainstream rationalist theories of (interest- based) neo-liberalism and (power-based) neo-realism are the basis for the theoretical framework for this write-up. The focus on neoliberal or interest based theory of regime represents the fact that it has been extraordinarily influential in the past (two) decades and have come to represent the mainstream approach to analyzing international institutions.[3] The work will however not be limited to these two theories. In a situation where millions of innocent lives are at stake each year and states come together to attempt to solve the existing problems and potentially stop it from occurring in the future, the researcher believes that it is not rational to assume that state action is driven by self interest and power politics alone. In contrast, state behavior within the international refugee protection regime largely comes from humanitarian concerns for people in need and fr om respect for international human rights law and international humanitarian law. It is in this light that the thesis will also consider the use of constructivist paradigm so as to show the importance of international norms, rules and principles, both within the regime itself and the role they play within the domestic asylum policy. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY The work will aim at addressing the contemporary mechanisms in the international system for the protection of refugees focusing on post WWII onwards to current from historical perspective. While looking at the restrictive measures that states across the entire international system practice, the researcher will not undertake a close examination of any specific state within the international system of protection, but rather would address the system as a whole in an attempt to define and analyze its contents, discuss its importance in the international system and analyze the various changes that may be occurring within it and how these may affect the regime. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The methodological framework of this research is a qualitative one. This study will use interpretivism as its main research philosophy. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study (Creswell, 1994). It is also concerned with relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and process that are on-going, effects that are being felt or trends that are developing. In addition, such approach tries to describe present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of the research (Creswell, 1994). Unlike quantitative research methods, which largely use a positivist epistemological position, qualitative research methods are based on an interpretivist epistemological position which stresses the understanding of the social world through an examination of the interpretation of that world by its participants. Interpretivism holds a different logic of research procedure from positivism. It seeks to understand human behavior, instead of just explaining it, which is what positivism seeks to do. The ontology of qualitative methods is constructivist, which contends that social phenomenon is continually being accomplished by social actors- they are produced through social interaction and are thus constantly being revised.[4] Basically, a descriptive research utilizes observations and surveys. It is for this particular reason that this approach was chosen by the researcher, whose intention is to gather first hand data. Moreover, this will allow for a flexible approach that when important new issues and questions arise at the duration of the study, a further investigation can be conducted. Another advantage is that with this approach, the research will be fast and somehow cost-effective. Aside from the qualitative finding method, secondary research will be conducted in this study. Sources in secondary research will include previous research reports, existing findings on journals and existing knowledge on books, newspapers, magazines and in the internet. The study will undertake an extensive review of the relevant literature on the subject of refugee flow, asylum policy, border control, state sovereignty, international humanitarian and human rights laws, and international refugee law. Basically, interpretation will be conducted which can account as qualitative in nature. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION In the first chapter, the researcher will introduce the aim of the thesis and formulates the research questions. The methodology of the thesis, a secondary research method and a qualitative, interpretivist, constructivist approaches will be outlined. Finally, the relevant theoretical and empirical literature will be reviewed. CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This chapter will present the rationalist approach to regime theory, including neoliberal and neorealist theories. These theories are chosen as the theoretical framework for the thesis and will be used to evaluate the international mechanisms for refugee protection so as to discover whether or not the system constitutes an international regime considered as legal. CHAPTER 3. THE INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE PROTECTION MECHANISMS: AN INTERNATIONAL REGIME? The third chapter will firstly provide the definitions of the key terms discussed in the work. Then, it will discuss the historical background of the system. It will further discuss the three major components of the refugee protection mechanisms in the international system namely: the legal documents (various conventions, treaties and regional agreements), the protection bodies (UN bodies, human rights organizations, among others) and finally domestic refugee policy. The chapter will finally show how these three levels of protection are integrated to form the refugee protection mechanism. CHAPTER 4. THE REFUGEE PROTECTION MECHANISMS AS AN INTERNATIONAL REGIME. In this chapter, the researcher will attempt a discussion of the various types and components of international regime that exist in the international system. This discussion is then related to the international protection system in an attempt to prove whether or not the system constitutes an international regime, and what type of regime it is. It evaluates the role of the regime and its importance within the international system as a whole. CHAPTER 5. RESTRICTIVE MEASURES In this chapter, a description of the various restrictive measures that states practice in order to cut down the influx of refugees across national borders is presented. The reasons for, and effect of, the restrictive policies are outlined. The concept of state sovereignty in relations to states reasons for, and justification of, the use of restrictive policies will also be discussed in this chapter. CHAPTER 6. RESTRICTIVE POLICIES AND REGIME CHANGE This chapter will outline the neoliberal, neorealist and constructivist explanation of regime transformation. It will attempt to prove whether or not the use of restrictive measures by member states represents a change within, or of, the regime, or a weakening of the international regime of refugee protection. It then discuss the potential impact of the regime weakening on the regime itself, as well as for member states and for the refugees. CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSION This is the conclusive part of the work. The researcher will address the research question and attempts to answer them by providing a summary of the main conclusions about the refugee regimes type, strength and importance, and the role that it plays in the international system and how this is evolving. LITERATURE REVIEW (ANNOTATED) From the initial review of literature, the researcher found resource materials including the following books, legal documents, journals and articles which will provide insights in to the study: ALTERNATIVES, Turkish Journal of International Relations. Volume 5, number 12, spring and summer 2006. Countries have different approaches to refugee protection system. This article can be very useful for the research as it shows that one of the major differences in approaches is the receiving and/or transit status vis-a-vis the refugee flow. Using four European countries- Belgium, Slovenia, Greece and Turkey as cases, the article examines refugee policies and makes an evaluation of differences in refugee protection system that each country develops. Donnelly, Jack, International Human Rights: A Regime Analysis in International Organization, Vol. 40, No. 3 (summer, 1986), 599-642. Donnellys article will be used in order to discover what type of regime the mechanism for protection in the international system is. It is useful for regime analysis. Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. For the researchers choice of method of investigation, a reference to Creswells work on research design will provide great help. Guy S Goodwin-gill: (1996) The Refugee in International Law2nd Edition. Oxford University Press: Oxford. In this book, Goodwin-Gills provide an excellent overview of contemporary international refugee law, the three levels of protection, and the meanings and workings of the treaties and conventions on refugee protection. The book is widely recognized as the leading text on refugee law and as an excellent treatise of the international law on refugee, all the major problems are discussed in a general and lucid way. Hasenclever, Mayer and Rittberger (1997) Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. This book is very essential in the writing of this thesis as it provides an overview of the rationalist approach to regime theory. The book examines in detail the neoliberal and neorealists distinct views on the origins, robustness and consequences of international regimes. Hathaway, James (ed) (1997) Reconceiving International Refugee Law. Martinus Mijhoff Publishers: The Hague. Hathaways Book, a collection of essays by leading migration scholars, will be helpful in that it offers a response to the concerns of many states that refugee protection has become no more than a back door route to permanent immigration. It explores the potential for a shift to a robust and empowering system of temporary asylum, supported by a pragmatic system of guarantees to share both the cost and human responsibilities. Helmut Breitmeier (2008). The Legitimacy of International Regimes. Ashgate Publishing Limited. England. How legitimate are outcomes, outputs and impacts of international regimes? In this book, theoretical and empirical chapters balance one another. The book explores the question whether problem-solving in international regimes is effective and equitable and whether regimes contribute that sates comply with international norms. It also analyses whether non-state actors can improve the output and input-oriented legitimacy of global governance systems. Michelle Foster (2007) International Refugee Law and Social Economic Rights. Refugee from Deprivation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. A range of emerging refugee claims is beginning to challenge the boundaries of the refugee convention regime and question traditional distinction between economic migrants and political refugees. Fosters book will greatly help in identifying the conceptual and analytical challenges presented by socio-economic deprivation. It undertakes an assessment of the extent to which these challenges may be overcome by a creative interpretation of the refugee convention, consistent with correct principles of international treaty interpretation. Keohane, Robert O., International Institutions: Two Approaches in International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), 379-396. This is a journal article by Keohane that will also be helpful in formulating the rationalist approach to regime theory. Krasner, Stephen D. (ed) (1989) International Regimes. Cornell University Press: Cambridge This book by Krasner includes articles by various authors on neorealist and neoliberal approaches to regime theory. It also provides sharp criticism of regime theory and so therefore will help the research. Wendt, Alexander, Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics in International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), 391-425 Wendts article will be useful in creating an alternative understanding to neorealism of how and why cooperation occurs in the international system of states. Aside, a variety of conventions, treaties, and agreements Will also be reviewed and referred to, including the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, the Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, the 1990 Dublin Convention, the 1990 Schengen Convention, the 1977 Treaty of Amsterdam, the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, the 1981 African Charter on Human and peoples Rights and the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights and its Protocols. These documents can be accessed in the annexes of Guy S, Goodwin-Gills book The Refugee in International Law2nd Edition. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 379-550. 2008 Global Trends: Refugee Asylum- seekers, Returnees, Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons (16 June 2009). James C. Hathaway (Ed.). Re-conceiving International Refugee Law. P. xvii Hasenclever, Mayer and Rittberger (1997) Theories of International Regimes.p.4 Creswell, J.W. (1994) Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. in Bryman (2001) Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.264