The Future of the Spanish Language in the Unted States Essay

The Future of the Spanish Language in the Unted States - Essay Example Surveys have showed that nearly all US Spanish speakers are indeed Hispanic and this population is increasing at a tremendous rate within the United States. It was in the year 1989 that the Hispanic populace was around 20.1 million within the country which was in essence a 39 percent increase to the figure that was calculated in 1980 Census, at 14.5 million. The rate at which the US population increased during this period was estimated at 9.5 percent but the Hispanic population grew at 7.5 percent. Some studies suggest that Hispanic immigrants who move towards the United States in the wake of seeking better opportunities in life do not make an effort to learn English. They rather focus on their own language – a fact that both works to their advantage and disadvantage at the same time. (Estrada, 1988) The benefiting aspect is that they remain in constant touch with what is happening back home and they can move out and gain acceptance within their own society. The limitation of not learning English is that since English is a universal language, they must out on similar opportunities to gain jobs and the like within United States. One important pointer for consideration lies in the fact that Spanish language is taken up by a teenager if his/her parents force him/her to take up the language within the realms of the United States. Since the young ones have been born and bred within the States itself, they do not feel the inclination to learn Spanish and thus do a great disservice to their own language. They are more inclined to find out more or just have a somewhat easy understanding of the English language as it facilitates them in their day to day tasks and activities. (Garcia, 1983)

Christmas carol Essay Example for Free

Christmas carol Essay In a Christmas carol by Charles Dickens, scrooge becomes a reformed character by the end of the story. Explain how effectively Dickens shows the extent of these character changes. The story tells of scrooge who is transported through time to the Christmas of his childhood, the present and the future. The following essay will take you through these time periods. At the beginning of the story scrooge is portrayed as a dull, bleak character. On the front cover for example we can see scrooge in a dark room on his own. The only light is from the small candle on his mantle piece. He has grey hair and a long pointy nose. Scrooges personality was very negative and dull. We know that his attitude is bad as when his nephew wishes him a merry Christmas he replies bah, humbug. scrooges nephew then again wishes scrooge a merry Christmas but again only gets a response of what reason have you to be merry, youre poor enough when scrooges nephew replies youre rich enough what reason have you to be dismissal scrooge has no answer to that question. As well as showing us scrooges negative personality it also shows us his attitude towards Christmas. Scrooge also has a negative attitude towards the poor. We learn about this as when the charity collectors come, one says at this time of year it is usually more than desirable that we should make some slight provision for the poor. Are there no prisons replied scrooge At hearing this, the inspector says yes plenty, but many cant go there and many would rather die. A cold hearted scrooge then replies well then they had better do it quick and decrease the surplus population. The collectors were astonished and after this they realised there would be no point in pursuing there point. The gentlemen left. After this incident a couple of carol singers called at scrooges house. As soon as scrooge opened the door he raised a large stick and the small boys fled. At the end of the story scrooge became a completely reformed character. He walked the streets with a smile on his face; he then also went to church and watched the people hurrying to and fro. He looked into kitchens of houses and found that anything could yield him pleasure. Earlier on in the story scrooge was invited to his nephews Christmas dinner. He rejected the invite. Later that afternoon he turned his steps towards the party. He walked in and said where is my love Hes in the dining room said the servant. Scrooge made his way to the dining room and when he walked in everyone looked at him bemused. Why bless my soul cried Fred whos that Its I, your uncle scrooge, I have come to dinner. Will you let me in Fred? Of course replied Fred. After the party instead of scrooges usual party pooper image he cried wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, wonderful happiness. Scrooge was completely reformed. Another thing that proved scrooges reformation was when Bob Cratchit turned up late for work. He was pleading with scrooge not to fire him. Instead scrooge said a very merry Christmas and offered him a pay rise. The reader is kept interested by the ghosts that challenge scrooge each time. Once scrooge has past the first challenge the reader wants to stay and see if he passes the next one. Once he passes the second challenge the level of tension rises. After passing the third challenge scrooge remembers what he was like at the start of the story. Some of the words he used come back to haunt him. The overall message is that you dont have to be a scrooge if you consider others misfortunes and try to help out as much as possible. You will lead a much happier life if you are thoughtful and considerate. The story makes you wonder which side of scrooge you are most similar to. It leaves a clear question in your head. how could I change?

Breadtalk Enters Into Turkeys Market Economics Essay

Breadtalk Enters Into Turkeys Market Economics Essay According to Alden, et al. (1999, p.63) food and beverages are mostly viewed as a product category that is frequently consumed. As society grows demand of food increasingly raise the quantity and quality. The industrys market potential is extremely large. Seeing the needs and potential market BreadTalk Group Limited was founded and has been extremely successful in many countries. Founded as an FB operator in Singapore in 2000 and listed on the SGX in 2003, the BreadTalk Group Limited has rapidly expanded to become a distinctive household brand owner that has established its mark on the world stage with its bakery, restaurant and food atrium footprints. Currently, BreadTalk has a network of over 500 bakery outlets in 16 countries and more than 6000 employees. BreadTalk is market leader, higher economies of scale, continual and successful innovation, segment diversification, strong Franchise partnerships (Business overview, 2012). But in the next few years, challenges of BreadTalk are huge because of intense competition, market saturation, no direct control over overseas operations. Moreover the revenue of BreadTalk only two countries (Singapore and China) is the revenue drivers. Graph 1: Geographical Breakdown of Revenue Source: BreadTalk, 2011Looking at the chart we can see that China is currently one of its key markets outside of Singapore. This is not only the advantages but also potential ricks such as: depend on the China market, only invest in the China market and ignore other potential market. To maintain a competitive advantage and continue to lead the market, BreadTalk must have appropriate strategies: continues to lead the China market and seeking potential market as Turkey. In this paper, mainly focus on analyzing the environment of Turkey market in terms of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal which is known as PESTEL to enter Turkey market. 1.2 Turkey Overview World-renowned strategist Professor Michael Porter has said that the Turkish economy has been superb improvement in competitiveness in recent years and proven its potential as a magnet for international investors. Turkey, strategically located in the Eurasia region as a gateway between Europe, Middle East and Central Asia, is a dynamic country with a robust economy and a young population, often described as the China of Europe. Turkey is the worlds 17th largest economy and a member of both the G20 and the OECD. With 73 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous nation in Europe, after Germany, generating a greater demand for product consumption. With the current potential it will be an inspiration to BreadTalk penetrated market. 2. Turkey environment analysis 2.1 The Political Environment Turkey political is element that BreadTalk couldnt control. Altogether, the general political of Turkey is stable. That is a positive factor for foreign investors and BreadTalk who intend to entry into Turkey market. Well analyze political factors to finding opportunities and challenges in Turkey. 2.1.1 Change of Government The change of government political environment in Turkey affects the business environment through the legislation and different regulations. Turkey has successfully carried out the structural reforms after the severe economic recession in 1999 2001. The reforms include market liberalization to promote foreign investment, privatization, agricultural reform, strengthen the banking system and fiscal discipline, monetary tightening policies to reduce inflation and a floating currency rates. Turkish government is creating new legislation to help the industry and different companies to grow and foreign investment to improve and make it better for Turkey as a national advantage. With the advantages of free trade and investment policy, many economists said that while the money withdrawn from the major economies, investors are pouring money into Turkey-fastest growing economy in Europe. This will create the favorable condition for BreadTalk activity in Turkey market. Because, BreadTalk will be support of government and feel safety when doing business here. 2.1.2 Corruption Corruption is one of the major factors that affect investment environment and hampers the investment attraction. In Turkish political system the existence of corruption as a pervasive, entrenched, and enduring problem has long been an open secret. These positive trends are reflected by the World Banks worldwide governance indicators, with Turkey scoring 57,9 on a 0 to 100 scale in terms of control of corruption compared to 42,9 in 2000 (World Bank, 2010a). However, despite these positive developments, other indicators suggest that the country remains confronted to challenges of rampant corruption, and weak enforcement of anti-corruption policies. Turkey performs below average in Transparency Internationals 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index, with a score of 4,2 on a 0 (highly corrupt) to 10 (highly clean) scale, indicating relatively high levels of public sector corruption (Transparency International, 2011). Turkeys Extent of corruption shows potential risks if BreadTalk entry into this market. BreadTalk can encounter excessive bureaucracy, a slow judicial system, weaknesses in corporate governance, unpredictable decisions made at the local government level, and frequent changes in the legal and regulatory environment. As such, even investors who brave the reports of corruption and attempt to establish businesses in Turkey may still find their efforts thwarted. Fortunately, Turkish politicians have been vocal about fighting corruption in recent years. In February 2010, Turkey adopted a national anti-corruption strategy 2010-2014 2.1.3 Terrorism The Republic of Turkey is one of the many countries that have been struggling with terrorism for decades. The risk of loss due to acts of political violence remains a prominent worry for investors as well as foreign firms. In Turkey the current political challenges is the series of violent terrorist attacks that have happened in the country due to Islamic extremist, Kurdish radicals, Turkish militants that may have link with Al-Qaeda. This is a disadvantage for host country and investor_ Breadtalk. An understanding of terrorism will help BreadTalk has been prepared to limit risks. 2.1.4 Relationship between Singapore and Turkey Relationship between Singapore and Turkey has been continuing unabated despite negative effects of the global economic crisis. Total trade volume between Turkey and Singapore has maintained a steady level of 1 billion USD. As of 2010, exports to Singapore reached 567.9 million USD, whereas our imports were at the level of 341.5 million USD. At present, there are 49 Singaporean companies operating in Turkey. (Relationship between Singapore and Turkey, 2011) In 2012, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Ali Babacan visited Singapore where he met with Singapore President Tony Tan, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister of Foreign Affairs K. Shanmugam and Minister for Trade and Industry Lim Hng Kiang (Julia Ng, 2012). The two leaders agreed to further deepen bilateral cooperation across different sectors including trade, investments and finance. So Turkey and Singapore is now enjoying warm relation. That is a positive factor for BreadTalk who intend to go into Turkey market. To look back on political panorama of Turkey we can conclude that Turkey is one of the investors with the ratio between the risk and the most profitable in the world. In addition, the intervention of Turkey in Syria, the delay to join the European Union and the countrys corruption was also disturbing. 2.2 Economic Turkeys economic is risen from the financial crisis in 2000-2001, which became the fastest growing economy among the countries in the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), the second fastest of the G20 group to grow 9% in 2010 and 8.5 percent in 2011 (CNBC/VOA, 2011). Turkey became a destination for investors. The market size and market share of BreadTalk may be affected by so many elements of the economy. In this part, well analysis factors such as GDP, recession, inflation, income and unemployment rate to finding opportunity for BreadTalk in Turkey. 2.2.1 GDP growth rate and GDP per capitalC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex66.jpgC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex67.jpg Graph 2: GDP per capita (PPP) (US$) Graph 3: GDP real growth rate (%) Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The Turkish economy has shown remarkable performance with its steady growth over the last nine years. The structural reforms, hastened by Turkeys EU accession process, have paved the way for comprehensive changes in a number of areas. The economy grew with an average annual real GDP growth rate of 5.2 percent over the past nine years between 2002 and 2011 (CIA World Factbook, 2011). Together with stable economic growth, GDP per capita in Turkey increased steadily rising from about USD 7,000 in 2000 to USD 17,000 in 2011 (CIA World Factbook, 2011). This means that the index has more than doubled in nine years. Significant improvements in such a short period of time have registered Turkey on the world economic scale as an exceptional emerging economy, the 17th largest economy in the world and the 5th largest economy when compared with the EU countries, according to GDP figures in 2011 (IMF World Economic Outlook, 2012). While many economies have been unable to recover from the recent g lobal financial recession, the Turkish economy expanded by 9.2 percent in 2010, and 8.5 percent in 2011, thus standing out as the fastest growing economy in Europe, and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Moreover, according to the OECD, Turkey is expected to be the fastest growing economy of the OECD members during 2011-2017, with an annual average growth rate of 6.7 percent (OECD Economic Outlook No: 86, 2011). Clearly, the economic scenario of Turkey is somewhat optimistic and bright for the future if BreadTalk entry into Turkey. 2.2.2 Recession Many experts have said that is clearly facing a major crisis in the world economy, the Turkish economy is showing extraordinary performance. In commentary in The Wall Street, Turkeys economic performance was compared to that of the Asian Tigers (Etyen, 2011). Turkeys unemployment rate has decreased strongly. In other words, the Turkish economy has created jobs for the idle labor force by increasing industrial labor. Graph 4: Unemployment rate (%) Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The current account deficit (CAD), the only problem in the Turkish economy, has shown a tendency towards stability and will cease to be a problem when the growth rate declines. In addition, it should be noted that although the deficit is currently rising, the rate of the countrys total amount of debt as compared to gross domestic product (GDP) has declined. So even though the CAD has increased, external savings have played a role to clear the debts. Furthermore, exports grew significantly despite rising currency exchange rates. We can show that the global recession will have a limited impact on Turkey economy. However, the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages is necessary if BreadTalk penetrated the market when the global economy is difficult. Disadvantages during recession time Advantages during recession time Reduced profits due to escalating cost and declining income. The unpredictable behavior of customers also affects the sales revenue. The competition becomes fiercer. The worse is the bankruptcy and new company like BreadTalk is not an exception. Recession also includes the stock markets and property markets to fall dramatically. BreadTalk can invest when price of stock and property are low and wait until the economy goes back to the boom cycle and then the investments will be worth quite a lot more. A lot of support from the government if BreadTalk penetrated at this time. A part of the company can be creating for people. Table 1: Disadvantages and Advantages during recession time in Turkey 2.2.3 Inflation The inflation rate is also crucial for marketers to look deeper that could influence the sales volume of products and bring in profits. In the past nine years, Turkey has experienced remarkable disinflation (from an average of 70.4% in the period of 1993-2002 to single-digit rates) as well as a marked decline in the volatility of inflation. Turkeys inflation rate, measured by the consumer price index, declined from an average of 70.4% in the period of 1993-2002 to 6.4% at the end of 2010, the lowest reading in over four decades. During the course of 2011, the CPI inflation rate increased from 6.4% in December 2010 to 10.45% in December 2011. (CIA World Factbook, 2011)http://www.hazine.org.tr/en2/economy/inflation2011.gif Although, their inflation rates have decreased in Turkey but tend to rise up again. The main causes leading to a strong increase of inflation is due to the rising price of energy, commodities and food. This will affect the UK operations of BreadTalk in Turkey. For the case of BreadTalk, the leaders should consider some disadvantages below: High inflation will affect purchasing power of customers. Buyers are afraid of the price increases. Since then, the companys profit will be affected. High inflation also affects the disposable incomes of different group of people. As the price of goods keeps increasing, the living expenditure also rises. As a result, Buyers will conservative in spending and corporate profits decreased significantly. High inflation lead to management costs such as raw material costs, marketing costs and employees salary also escalate. High inflation will discourage the investment from international companies like BreadTalk. Because the Government must have the policy to cope with inflation and the willingness of government to attract foreign investment. To look back on economical panorama of Turkey we can conclude that a sound macroeconomic strategy in combination with prudent fiscal policies and major structural reforms in effect since 2002 has integrated the Turkish economy into the globalized world, become the 167th largest economy in the world and the 5th largest economy when compared with the EU countries (IMF World Economic Outlook, 2012). And when BreadTalk is setting objectives and strategy for the future in Turkey market, economic growth is a positive factor to consider. 2.3 Social Analysis social and cultural aspects of Turkey will give BreadTalk a wider view on choosing the right products, the appropriate advertisements and marketing approaches. 2.3.1 Population Turkeys social strength that the Turkish have a growing proportion of young population which the Turkish government can use to create new job by encouraging and training them up to have new skills and qualified to work in different sectors and this will be a national advantage for having a very skill-full workforce. Turkey was already one of the most populous and young people nations in Europe. C:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex21.jpg Graph 6: Age structure in Turkey Graph 7: Population growth in Turkey Source: CIA World Factbook, 2012 More than half of its population is under the age 25. The countrys population has grown from 65.7 million in 2000 to over 79.6 million in 2012. Over 2012-2020, Turkeys population is projected to expand by 8.3% , according to mid-year statistics, overtaking Germany to become the most populated nation in Western Europe (Turkeys Population Young and Rapidly Expanding, 2012). There are obvious opportunities for BreadTalk when the company entry into Turkey such as: With a market size more than 78 million people, Turkey becomes a very potential market for many global companies. And with BreadTalk, their main market in Turkey will should be Istanbul area. With its young population, food and beverage consumption and production are both increasing in Turkey Population growth rate will create a dynamic consumer market and a potential market for BreadTalk to penetrate. The young population offers a responsive workforce. 2.3.2 Culture Cultural differences may be the most important problem to developing globally accepted marketing strategies (H. Lee, et al., 2007). So, learning about cultural of life and food influence how the business strategy of BreadTalk in Turkey. The Turkish culture is very rich. It is influenced by the ancient history of Anatolia, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Aegean culture. Today, this heritage also determines the cultural life of Turkey. The culture of tolerance for all religions and languages living together in peace, spread from Istanbul to Anatolia. This tradition of tolerance is one of the most important inheritances that Turkey can share with the world. In Business Culture, Turkish business culture is built on trust and familiarity; it is important to take the time to establish personal relationships with your Turkish contacts in order to succeed in business there. Since most Turks are devout Muslims, meetings should be scheduled around the five daily Islamic prayer times. Be sure to arrive on time, as Turks place high importance on punctuality. Business is often discussed over restaurant dinners in Turkey. In Cultural food, Turkish cuisine includes many different stews of vegetables and meat (lamb and beef primarily); borek, kebab, and dolma dishes; and a sourdough bread eaten with almost every meal. Borek is a pastry made of many thin layers of dough interspersed with cheese, spinach, and/or ground meat. Kebab is the common word for meat roasted in pieces or slices on a skewer or as meatballs on a grill. Dolma is the generic name for dishes made of vegetables (tomatoes and peppers) and leaves (grape, cabbage, and eggplant) that are stuffed with or wrapped around rice or bulgur pilaf. The Turkey has habit of eating bread. Both bread and water are considered holy. Bread is a source of energy. It is the most inexpensive source of calories needed by the human body. This would be advantageous for BreadTalk however it also means that the market has a lot of competitors. Turkish beverages include tea, coffee, ayran (buttermilk), boza (a fermented bulgur drink taken in the winter), and rakà ® (an aniseed-flavored brandy usually mixed with water). Carbonated drinks have become popular with young people, and beer gardens in major cities have become hangouts for men. The major food taboo in Turkey is pork, which is forbidden to Muslims. Cultural analysis gives an overview of social Turkey. Thereby, BreadTalk has to consider this for their marketing plan in Turkey: A highly effective way of expanding a business of BreadTalk in Turkey is through television commercials and newspaper, word of mouth The company should be aware of Islamic traditions and sensitivities With the turkey, meat and bread make an inseparable combination. Because BreadTalk should make products that fit and avoid combined with pork. If BreadTalk open system restaurants chain in Turkey is a potential because people have a habit of going to a restaurant on the weekends and business is often discussed over restaurant dinners. 2.3.3 Consumption Patterns The food industry and beverage of Turkey has received a steady growth in recent years, with the Turkish consumers becoming more demanding, driven by the multitude of choices provided by the mass grocery retail. Besides, Turkey has become one of the largest markets for its goods baked with bread a key element of the Turkish diet leading to leading to some of the highest rates of per capita consumption in the world. It provides opportunities for profitable investment BreadTalk. Turkey has traditional eating habits that remain stable in the majority of the population. Turkey is one of the largest markets, with rising incomes, packaged bread consumption presents an increase and at the same time, demand for different bread varieties, such as high-fibre and specialty artisan breads offer an opportunity for this high profit market. 2.4 Technological Technological progress has contributed to the economic development of the country and has an important factor in their competition. In the future as well, scientific and technological progress is expected to follow the destination provided by economic policies and competitive strategies. Turkey has well-developed infrastructure throughout much of the country that is capable of supporting significant development. Turkey has made many reforms to its infrastructure sector. Besides, the development of the internet is also seen as an effective factor in the business environment of BreadTalk. The number of Internet users has been rising rapidly in Turkey and standing at 15th place around the world, according to CIA, the World Factbook (2011) Graph 8: Internet users in TurkeyC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex118.jpg Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The development of the Internet in the social life of the Turkey will support BreadTalk greatly: Internet will become a tool to promote the brand, and an introduction to the business. This will help save advertising costs. BreadTalk can take this as a distribution channel in the form of online business with customers buying large quantities 2.5 Environmental One of the environmental strengths in Turkeys is the prosperous biodiversity they have. Turkey has a very affluent natural resource base and has ranked ninth on biodiversity in the European countries. Examples of the type of biodiversity they have are not only a range of wild species but important domestic species such as wheat, lentils, chickpeas, pears, apple, chestnut and pistachios. The biodiversity has a very great potential for the development for Turkey and this is an advantage for BreadTalk because it will provide abundant and cheap raw materials. However, challenges of the current environmental in Turkey are the high pollution levels and need protect. 2.5.1 Pollution Turkeys economic development has brought with it fears of increased environmental degradation. Graph 9: 2010 Pollution Indexes in Turkey Source: http://www.clrsearch.com, 2010 The chart shows that the level of pollution of Turkey is alarming. Most of the air pollution is caused by household heating, traffic, industrial sites, the discharge of pollutants by neighboring countries has contaminated the Black Sea So, today government of Turkey has many activities to protect the environment as environmental Pollution Fines. BreadTalk should know the environment situation of Turkey to not be infringed. In addition, the company should also be the same with the government to protect environment to build brand image with the consumers. 2.5.2 Environmental protection Environment protection is very critical right now in Turkey. Business has to strictly follow the rule that imposed by host country government. However, there are also some other motives for BreadTalk when entering Turkey to environment protection such as: BreadTalk will also carry out some program for going green in their Turkey stores such as reduce paper using, switch off the light, limited plastic bags and encourage the staff to use public transportation. This brings beautiful images for BreadTalk in the minds of employees, customers and government. Environment protection achieve comparative advantage terms of cost saving, offering more benefits to consumers and being friendly with the environment. BreadTalk could take advantage of environment protection campaign and attend some environmental awards of the government to keep in touch with them. This will help company dealing with governmental issues. Environment protection as a way of branding to make BreadTalk familiar and deep in mind of customers 2.6 Legal 2.6.1 Law The legal strengths in Turkeys is the comprehensive legal structure they have. The judicial system is made up of general courts which deal with domestic cases, heavy penal courts which deal with more serious case, military courts which will deal with the military cases and the Constitutional Court which is the highest level of courts that will deal with many different cases which is essential in the Turkish government such as war crimes. This is an advantage for BreadTalk as this shows that the Turkish government are strict on the law and will enforce the law if need be, it will allow the company to have a fair trial. Another legal advantage in Turkey would be the robust framework for the business entities, as the company who are looking to invest into Turkey will not need to go through a very long and lengthy business registration process as there is a freedom to start, operate and close a business by the Turkish regulatory environment. so for example in Turkey, it will take on average 6 day to starting up a business compared to 43 days in the other world countries which is a much longer time and could be beneficial for the type of market the company is involved with. This is advantage for BreadTalk when company entry into Turkey because BreadTalk will not lose many time. BreadTalk is food and beverages company because the company pay attention to the Food Safety regulation. The HACCP quality assurance system was introduced in 1995 in Turkey and since 2008 according to the Regulation on Inspection and Control of Food Safety and Quality all food manufacturers must apply HACCP as compulsory (Food quality assurance schemes in Turkey, 2011). To protect customers and increase the prestige of the brand, BreadTalk should be combined with organization and obey the law. 2.6.2 Tax One of reasons that BreadTalk should invest in Turkey is low taxes and incentives: Corporate Income Tax reduced from 30 percent to 20 percent Individual Income Tax varies from 15 percent to 35 percent Tax benefits and incentives in Technology Development Zones, Industrial Zones and Free Zones could include total or partial exemption from Corporate Income Tax, up to 80 percent grant on employers social security share, as well as land allocation. New RD and Innovation Support Law Region and sector-based incentive system 3. Conclusion Analyzing PESTEL for the business environment of Turkey gives BreadTalk a wider and deeper view on Turkey to come up with the decision to enter Turkey market. Turkey can best withstand before the global financial crisis. In addition, Turkey attracts investors by young labor force, capable, modern infrastructure, large domestic market, a number of free trade agreement, investment environment freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Besides, one of the current challenges of BreadTalk is the high rate of inflation, corruption, terrorism.

My Experience with Biology :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Experience with Biology To all who know me, they know how I can’t stand anything that is gross and slimy, or possibly get me in any way, shape, or form dirty. (I can’t stand to be dirty at all!) When I go to the doctors, I can’t even stand to see the nurses poke my arm with a long, cold, sharp needle, so they can get a blood sample. I can’t even stand to watch the shows on the Discovery channel where they are operating on any part of the human body and there is blood oozing from the open flesh of a human being. I find it very hard to swallow when I even get a glimpse of it on television. This has always been my feeling ever since I was little, but when I entered high school and took a College Prep Biology course my feelings on things that are gross and slimy changed quite a bit. In high school I took a Biology class as every high school student has to do. I felt a little smarter than some of the others, because I was not only taking Biology, but I was taking college prep Biology. The only drawback to the class was I was going to have to a lot of dissecting to do. Now, I know in Biology everyone had to dissect the traditional earthworms and frogs, which I can handle without any problems. The problem I encountered after I entered the Biology class was not the fact that I had to dissect worms and frogs, but I had to actually dissect a fetal pig. I was not looking forward to this part of the class; I was even considering transferring into the normal, calm Biology class every one of my sane friends had done, but it was too late to turn back now. I vividly remember my teacher passing out the syllabus of his course and talking in a very excited manner about the dissecting of the fetal pig. â€Å"Now class, I know the tradition is to just dissect earthworms and frogs, which we will do, but I am anxious to get to the dissection of the fetal pig section of the class.

Roman Gladiators Essay examples -- Roman History

Gladiator Gladiatorial events were a token of the Roman civilization. A brutal form of sacrifice adapted from the earlier civilization of Etruscans, who believed when a person dies, his spirit relies on a blood sacrifice to survive in the afterlife. The first event to take place in Rome was in 264 BC, when Decimus Brutus held a sacrifice to honor his dead father (Roman Gladiator). Soon after these events became an undeniable part of the Romans lives, used for political power and general entertainment. A gladiators life was far from easy. Most were slaves, prisoners of war, or hardened criminals, therefore they were not free men. Often times they were trained and forced to take part in the events, hoping for their freedom if they were to conquer their grim fate and survived for a few years (wik). This was depicted in the most recent movie GLADIATOR. In this film Russel Crowe ‘Maximus' starts out as an army general under Marcus Aurelius, until Commudus murders his own father out of spite for his fathers loyalty to Maximus and not him. He then inherits the title of king, and condemns Maximus to a gruesome fate as a slave/gladiator. Though this doesn't sound like the ideal life, to some at the time is was an appealing, so much so that some free men degraded themselves so they could battle in the games. Was it for basic living? Possibly but more than likely it was for the Fame and Prestige of a Gladiator. These free men were known as Professional gladiators. Training was hard for these great warriors, they often trained at special gladiator schools, the largest of which was connected to the great Coliseum by underground passages. Here they learned how to fight skillfully with swords, daggers, nets, chains, and an... ...m. This huge circular arena was the pinnacle of the Roman Gladiatorial games, and though it isn't fully intact, it is a great reminder of ancient culture. Though today these games seem inhumane and unnecessary, to their ancient culture it was a vacation from everyday stress. Even the Emperor was said to understand that though money and grain would satisfy and individual, large spectacles were necessary for the ‘contentment of the masses' (wes civ). Works Cited 1. Gladiator. Dreamworks Video. 2005. Directed by Ridley Scott. 2. Gladiators. Wikepedia, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator 3. Jackson J. Spielvogel. Western Civilization Third Edition, A Brief History volume 1: to 1715. 2005 Belmont CA. Wadsworth Publishing 4. The Roman Gladiator. Classics Technology Center. 2005. http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/consortium/gladiator1.html

sigmund freud :: essays research papers

SIGMUND FREUD 1856 - 1939 Freud's story, like most people's stories, begins with others. In his case those others were his mentor and friend, Dr. Joseph Breuer, and Breuer's patient, called Anna O. Anna O. was Joseph Breuer's patient from 1880 through 1882. Twenty one years old, Anna spent most of her time nursing her ailing father. She developed a bad cough that proved to have no physical basis. She developed some speech difficulties, then became mute, and then began speaking only in English, rather than her usual German. When her father died she began to refuse food, and developed an unusual set of problems. She lost the feeling in her hands and feet, developed some paralysis, and began to have involuntary spasms. She also had visual hallucinations and tunnel vision. But when specialists were consulted, no physical causes for these problems could be found. If all this weren't enough, she had fairy-tale fantasies, dramatic mood swings, and made several suicide attempts. Breuer's diagnosis was that she was suffering from what was then called hysteria (now called conversion disorder), which meant she had symptoms that appeared to be physical, but were not. In the evenings, Anna would sink into states of what Breuer called "spontaneous hypnosis," or what Anna herself called "clouds." Breuer found that, during these trance-like states, she could explain her day-time fantasies and other experiences, and she felt better afterwards. Anna called these episodes "chimney sweeping" and "the talking cure." Sometimes during "chimney sweeping," some emotional event was recalled that gave meaning to some particular symptom. The first example came soon after she had refused to drink for a while: She recalled seeing a woman drink from a glass that a dog had just drunk from. While recalling this, she experienced strong feelings of disgust...and then had a drink of water! In other words, her symptom -- an avoidance of water -- disappeared as soon as she remembered its root event, and experienced the strong emotion that would be appropriate to that event. Breuer called this catharsis, from the Greek word for cleansing. It was eleven years later that Breuer and his assistant, Sigmund Freud, wrote a book on hysteria. In it they explained their theory: Every hysteria is the result of a traumatic experience, one that cannot be integrated into the person's understanding of the world. The emotions appropriate to the trauma are not expressed in any direct fashion, but do not simply evaporate: They express themselves in behaviors that in a weak, vague way offer a response to the trauma.

Challenges Facing the Graduate Student Essay

The many challenges that face the potential graduate students may inhibit them from taking that first step to enrolling in graduate school. This paper will focus on personal challenges for this writer and strategies she will use to overcome them. Some challenges for this writer are working full-time, being financially responsible for others while maintaining a mortgage and family responsibilities. Time management and a novice regarding some computer programs also provide other challenges. Many obstacles have to be conquered in an effort to ensure success. Hardin (2008) contends these barriers often put her at a greater risk for being unsuccessful. The purpose for this writer entering graduate study is the hope of expanding her career opportunities to include teaching at the undergraduate level. Her motivation to return to school was two-fold. A divorce and a lengthy recovery following a work-related injury within a year inspired thoughts of facing the future being financially independent and wondering if the recovery would be without limitations to allow a return to bedside nursing. These life changes prompted soul searching and re-motivated this writer to pursue a graduate degree, a goal that had been set several years prior. As a graduate student this writer faces the challenges encompassed with being an adult. Over the past 30 years, there has been an escalation of students, primarily women, entering graduate study. According to Hardin (2008) the motivation for many women to return to school is usually centered on a major life change. These women usually return to college in an effort to support their families. Balancing commitments, such as work, life, school and other responsibilities create a stressor to the student and pose even more challenges. As the sole provider for two children and responsible for other financial costs that entail, this writer works full-time on the nightshift. Traditionally compensation on nightshift is more than traditional work schedules. Although financially this helps alleviate one stress for this writer, another stress is created, lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation, fatigue and sleepiness negatively affect function that often results in decreased productivity (Mulgrew, 2007). This writer believes working nightshift and facing the sleeping challenge poses a potential barrier to success. Based on 2004 statistics, approximately 15% of Americans work nontraditional work schedules (Chung, Wolf, Shapiro, 2009). Adan and Natale (2002) also found that the relationship between gender and shift work support the thought women are more morning types, preferring to retire to sleep earlier and rise sooner, which results in optimal mental performance. This writer believes this to be true of her. In an effort to meet the challenge of time management, she will keep an accurate calendar and prioritize all appointments, work schedule, and other commitments. Blocking out hours of the day to focus on schoolwork as well as ensuring enough sleep while pursuing personal goals such as exercise should encourage quality work. Procrastination is time’s enemy. A few minutes of effective planning will save time in the end. This involves a continual assessment and reassessment of priorities and activities (Spidal, 2009). Financial stressors also affect the graduate student. Hardin (2008) found lack of financial support may actually prevent an adult from enrolling in graduate school. The adult student often differs from the traditional student as her financial needs often include a mortgage and childcare. Working nightshift helps alleviate the financial deficit for this writer as nightshift pays a differential. Many nurses, including myself, will work extra shifts to offset the financial burden. Attending classes may inhibit the overtime opportunity, therefore smaller paychecks add to the existing financial load. A graduate student has to weigh the benefits of an education when after graduation her financial debt will increase (Morgenthaler, 2009). In an effort to minimize the loan amount, this writer researched loans and scholarships. She consulted her employer and found there were a few scholarships available in addition to education reimbursement. The scholarship amounts are monetarily limited. Some also require a commitment to continuing employment for a set number of years per scholarship. Despite these caveats, any amount of money is helpful to decrease the debt as well as ensuring longer employment. Another challenge facing this writer is she has never used PowerPoint in any arena. This may lead to a feeling of inadequacy. To neutralize this deficit she will ensure access to the latest computer programs for her papers, research, or presentation. Ultimately the amount of effort put forth by this writer to achieve desired educational results will depend on her overall motivation and dedication to her goal. Hardin (2008) has found that most graduate students are not prepared academically. This is associated to being away from the academic setting for a prolonged amount of time. Technological skills may be outdated or she may not understand the new computer programs. Conducting research and writing papers at a professional level may also be intimidating to the graduate student (Morgenthaler, 2009). Many challenges face this nontraditional graduate student as she returns to school. Although there are significant obstacles, this writer is optimistic about overcoming these obstacles by using the aforementioned strategies as she successfully completes graduate school.